Firstly, the status of the production is been analyzed of from surface mining to underground mining of the metal mines in our country; secondly, the Daxingshan mines basic exploiting datum are collected and the exploiting conditions of the mine are grasped; thirdly, it is presented of the used-commonly methods and general steps of mining optimization; after the introduction of the numerical simulation method, the general steps are given of the optimization of the boundary pillar by FEM; the 3-D geological model of Daxingshan mine is set up, and different schemes are carried on by the 3-D finite element software; finally, the numerical results are analyzed, and by comparison, the optimal is offered; moreover, the valuable suggestions are put forward for the production and design of mine.
首先分析了我国金属矿山露天转井下的生产现状，搜集了大杏山铁矿开采的基础资料，比较全面的掌握了大杏山铁矿开采的条件；论文介绍了进行采矿优化常用的方法和一般步骤；在分析采矿优化设计的数值模拟方法基础上，介绍了基于有限元法的露天转井下境界顶柱优化的一般步骤；针对大杏山铁矿的开采条件，采用三维有限元软件建立了数值模拟的三维地质模型，针对可能的开采情况制定了不同的数值模拟方案，并应用三维有限元软件进行了数值模拟；最后整理数值模拟的结果，对比分析几个模拟方案，得出了一个数值模拟的最佳结果，为矿山生产设计提供了有价值的参考。
The whole coal mining areabelongs to moderate wind erosion and intense water erosion region. The spatialdistribution of erosion intensity is related to surface materials. In the area ofwater erosion, the area of light erosion and slight erosion accounts for 44.72%, intensive erosion and extreme erosion for 48.47%, which shows that distributionof water erosion has polarization in the region. Soil erosion research of typicalwatershed has shown that present erosion sediment type is gully erosion whosesediment takes up 70% of the total. Ratio of yield sediment amount from winderosion, water erosion and gravitational erosion is 4:2:4.The main roles of watererosion are gully erosion and transporting erosive materials that come from winderosion and gravitational erosion, which is an important feature of wind erosionand water erosion interaction zone.
全矿区属于中度风蚀、强度水蚀区域，其空间分布及面积比例与地面物质组成有关，水蚀强度空间分布具有`两极`特点，即轻度以下面积和强度以上面积较大，分别占44.72%和48.47%空间分布，典型小流域土壤侵蚀研究表明，现代侵蚀产沙70%来自沟谷；风蚀、水蚀、重力侵蚀产沙量比值为4：2：4；水蚀主要表现在对风蚀、重力侵蚀物质的输送和沟蚀，这是风蚀水蚀交错带水蚀的重要特征。
Mining takes place on the Earth's surface, as seen here, as well as underground.
采矿发生于地球表面的，因为在这里看到的，以及地下。
Supervisors in this unit group supervise and co-ordinate activities of workers engaged in underground and surface mining operations and quarries.
加拿大采矿及采石业主管负责监督和协调从事地下和地表采矿和采石业工作人员的相关工作。
To settle the technical and social problems existing in Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine, we put forward the steep-slope cross mining and in-pit dumping to replace the original digging along strike and external dumping for deep coal seam.
为了解决平庄西露天矿面临的技术问题和社会问题，提出了采用陡帮横采内排代替原有的纵采外排进行露天矿深部煤炭资源的开采方案。
All of the study has provided a new approach to select the surface mining technology.
整个研究为露天采矿工艺系统选择提出了一条新的途径。
The impact on ground surface caused by cemented filling method when used for mining steeply inclined orebody is different from that by other methods and has its own law.
胶结充填采矿法开采急倾斜矿体对地表的影响与其他采矿方法不同，有着自己的规律。
Based on the fractal character of the fault surface, the self affine fractal curves and a geological and mining model are constructed to simulate the fractal character of the surface of the fault. Numerical method is applied to simulate the phenomena of activation of the fractal...
研究表明，采动断层活化具有明显的分形界面效应；采动断层剪切滑移力学行为与其分形维数是相关的，不同分形维数的断层面采动后，导致其附近岩体中的应力场和位移场也不同。
It dosn`t include that are cost of underground mining accident, cost of the earths surface sinking and the cost of environment treat of surface mining. This thesis put forward a new economic reasonable stripping ratio confirming method that involve above-mentioned costs, witch are calculated by cost model upbuilded with probability and statistics.
目前露天矿经济合理剥采比是与井工开采成本对比计算得到的，计算时没有考虑井工开采的安全事故、地表沉陷等所造成的巨大经济损失，同时也没考虑露天开采对生态环境破坏和环境治理成本，本论文综合考虑上述诸因素，利用概率统计法建立了由上述各因素所构成的成本计算模型，提出了一种新的经济合理剥采比确定方法。
Based on the field data of building fissure and surface horizontal deformation, the author analyzes the building fissure s developing rules during first mining and repeat mining separately, studies the special problem of building fissure s developing rules during repeat mining.
基于现场实测获得的房屋裂缝和地表水平变形资料，分别分析了初次采动和重复采动条件下房屋裂缝的发育规律，分析了重复采动条件下房屋裂缝发育规律的特殊问题。
The earth surface subsidence rule in mining coal under special railway line at fully mechanized sub- level caving face 701 of Baojishan mine with finite element method is studied.
采用有限元法研究了宝积山煤矿701综放工作面专线铁路下采煤引起的地表沉陷规律，给出了随着开采的进行地表水平位移、竖向位移的发展规律。
This article investigates and studies the domestic and overseas kinds of heavy oil mining technology in the synthesis and chemistry thinning technical in the foundation, according to the crude oil emulsion theory, the different thinning mechanism of the surface active agent, has formulated the selection principle of heavy oil thinning agent's type, and introduced the modified nanometer TiO2 participation emulsification to thinning out.
本文在综合调研国内外各种稠油开采技术及化学降粘技术的基础上，根据原油乳状液理论、表面活性剂的不同降粘机理，制定了稠油降粘剂类型的选择原则，并引入改性纳米TiO2参与到乳化降粘体系中。
Major energy companies, such as Arch Coal Inc and Consol Energy, participate in mountaintop mining, which involves scraping the surface of mountains and pushing the crumbled mountaintop debris into adjoining valleys.
大型能源企业，如拱煤炭公司和康索尔能源，参加山顶采矿，其中包括刮表面的山脉和山顶推崩溃碎片进入毗邻的山谷。
The coal mining area induced the soil erosion, which per-forms such as (1) the surface and groundwater are deficient or lost; (2) the solid waste occupies the land; (3) the wind and water erosion on surface disturbance and loose deposit layer is serious, alluvial deposits silts the river course and influences the flood discharge; (4) the gravity erosion such as collapse, slides often occur.
采煤矿区诱发的土地破坏形式主要表现为：(1)地表与地下水匮乏或缺失；(2)固体废弃物压占土地；(3)地表扰动层和松散堆积物表层水蚀风蚀严重，冲积物淤塞河道，影响行洪；(4)矿区崩塌、泻溜、地面塌陷、滑坡等重力侵蚀时有发生。
The surface mining technology system is the main technique decision about open-pit mining design. The surface coal fields are complex in seat condition, what technology is selected for a surface mine has not a reliable and received theory rest on. In this thesis, I founded a surface coal fields classifying index system basis on coal field feature and mining condition by investigating and statistics and analyzing. Digital models of the classifying index are founded; the power coefficient calculating method is eatablished. The coal fields are classified with fuzzy get-together method. And the workable technology systems are matched for any one type coal field. It is founded that are the mining technology system compatibility`s evaluating index system and the mining technology suitable for conditions model. We can evaluate a mining technology system via seting up attribution-degree calculating model about any one evaluating factor and the power coefficient. These provided theory basis for selecting the surface mining technology. The deposit models are founded in order to improve mine design quality and working efficiency, to deal fastly with abundant datum.
露天开采工艺是露天矿开采设计中最重要的技术决定，我国露天煤田赋存条件复杂，开发一个露天矿究竟选用何种开采工艺，至今还没有一个被大家公认的可靠的理论上的依据，本文首先对我国煤田进行大量的调查、统计与分析，根据煤田的赋存特征、开采条件等建立了露天煤田分类指标体系，建立了分类指标的量化模型以及其权重系数的确定方法，采用模糊聚类法对其进行分类，并对每种类型的煤田提出可行的开采工艺，通过建立露天开采工艺系统适应性评价指标体系和各种常用露天开采工艺系统的适用条件模型，对某种可行性开采工艺的适应性，通过建立每个影响因素适应性的隶属度计算模型，再根据各个影响因素的权重系数综合得出被评价开采工艺的适应性指标，从而对开采工艺的适应性进行评价，为我国露天矿设计中的工艺选择提供指导和理论依据。
In the thesis, the author discussed the influences of ground surface subsidence to highway construction, which caused by mine-out regions of banded coal mining and established the researching procedures and methods of related disasters.
地下开采所引起的地表沉陷灾害是我国高速公路建设中所面临的一个新的课题。
These days, rib fall, roof fall, water inrush, earthquake, rock burst, ground collapse, ground subside, ground crack caused by goaf of underground mining as well as their induced disaster such as landslide, debris flow, surface vegetation demolish etc. which have been the major disaster in underground mine, have resulted in momentous personnel casualty and equipment accident and aroused government and enterprise's intense recognition.
目前，由于地下开采形成的采空区所导致的片帮、冒顶、突水、地震、岩爆、冲击地压、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝以及由此导致的滑坡、泥石流、地表植被破坏等多种形式的灾害造成重大人员伤亡和设备事故，已成为地下矿山主要灾害，引起了政府、企业的高度重视。
SF-2 boundary lubricated bearings increase:Acid poly A with formaldehyde, with high wear resistance, bearing surface arrangement of the law must be fitted with a storage pit filled with grease, especially for high load low speed of rotation, rocking motion, and frequently borne, the opening and closing the difficult parts of the formation of lubrication in boundary lubrication conditions, long-term use without refueling and maintenance, where the fuel bearing life can be more extended, currently applicable to metallurgical machinery, mining machinery, hydraulic machinery, automobile parts, construction machinery, agricultural machinery.
SF-2加界润滑轴承：酸多聚甲醛一高耐磨性，轴承表面的法律安排，必须配备与油脂填补了蓄水坑尤其是高负荷低转速旋转，摇摆运动，并经常承担，开幕和闭幕的困难部分在边界润滑条件下，长期不加油和维修，那里的燃料轴承寿命可以更延长，目前适用于冶金机械，矿山机械，液压机械，汽车零部件，工程机械，农业机械使用润滑形成。
And the results show that with the increase of mining height, the surface subsidence and horizontal movement value increase, while the subsidence factor decreases in nonlinear.
结果表明：在采深和采出率等条件相同的情况下，地表下沉值和水平移动值均随采厚的增加而增大，而下沉系数随采厚的增加以非线性关系逐渐减少。
Keywords Cemented filling mining; Ground surface deformation; Numerical simulation; Ground fissures; Jinchuan Nickel Mine
胶结充填采矿法；地表变形；数值模拟；地表裂缝；金川镍矿