Methods 102 patients with severe bradycardia were divided into two groups. 48 patients were given floating catheter transvenously for temporary cardiac pacing at bedside, while 54 patients were given regular transvenous cardiac pacing under X-ray direction. Operation achievement ratio, operation time, pacing parameter and complication incidence were observed in both groups.
102例严重心动过缓的患者，48例行床旁紧急置入漂浮电极导管进行心脏临时起搏，54例经X线透视下置入普通电极导管进行心脏临时起搏，对比观察两组手术成功率、手术耗时、起搏参数及并发症。
On the basis of analyzing and studying on the former test results of hoist load of reverse tainter valve which is the main type of valves for navigation locks, a large scale (1:16) physical model for YinPan lock culvert valve has been built. Through the steady and unsteady flow experiments, structure of the acting flow on the valve has...更多been observed and analyzed in detail. It has been found that the valve's net hydrodynamic hoist load can be composed of two parts, one is the acting force result from water in culvert and the other result from the descending and rising flow in valve well. Furtherly the formula of the net hydrodynamic hoist load has been put forward by theoretic analysis, and the calculation results has been proved to be agreed well with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the net hydrodynamic hoist load and their changing laws have been further studied. The further research direction is also been pointed out.
在大量分析研究前人有关船闸主要门型—反向弧形门启闭力试验成果的基础上，建立了大比尺的输水阀门物理模型，通过恒定流和非恒定流试验，对作用在阀门上的水流结构形态进行了详细的观察和分析，认为阀门的净动水启闭力构成可以分为两大部分，即廊道水流对门体的作用力和门井下降或上升水流的作用力，并通过理论分析得到了由这两部分作用力构成的净动水启闭力计算公式，与试验结果吻合较好，同时还对影响阀门净动水启闭力的各种因素及其变化规律进行了进一步探讨，并指出了需深入研究的方向。
The fibrils of three levels, Which were macrofibrils of several tens micron in diameter, fibrils feW micron and microfibrils about 0.3 micron, were observed simultaneously with banded texture usingpolarized microscope. After annealing, fibrils in different levels relaxed to differentmorphology. Macrofibrils still oriented along shear direction, but fibrils relaxed to helical form, and microfibrils relaxed to waveform therefore the banded texture canbe seen. The smaller the diameter of fibrils was, the more easily the fibrils relaxed. Ori the other hand, the banded texture decoration of annealed unoriented filmsrevealed directly the distribution of directors within and out of domains and thevariation of directors on boundaries.
微纤分三个层次，即直径分别为数十微米的微纤束、数微米的微纤和0.3微米的亚微纤，退火后三个层次的微纤松弛成不同的形态，微纤束仍笔直沿剪切方向取向，微纤松弛成螺旋形，而亚微纤松弛成波浪形从而观察到条带织构：微纤直径越小越易松弛，另一方面，非取向态织构退火后由亚微纤形成的条带装饰结果直观地揭示了微区内外分子指向矢的分布和它们在边界上的变化。
Through the tests on gas driving water and water driving gas, the flow law of gas and water was real-time observed. Mainly based on the test of water driving gas as an example, the development of molding coal sample and NMR triaxial osmoscope was demonstrated. The experiment process of water driving gas and parameters were demonstrated. NMRI images of molding sample in horizontal cross-section along the driving direction were obtained by NMRI instrument. The results from images were analyzed and compared. Some novel laws were obtained as the following:(1) the leading edge of water driving has inconsistency. This certified the important previous conclusion that the storage of methane mainly was absorbed in inner surface of pore from NMRI technique; (2) the existence of dominant driving pathway was tested and the way kept almost fixed. The pathway is apt to exist in the edge of coal samples where pore and fracture fully develop; (3) the variation of water flow determines the transport velocity of leading edge of water driving and it has lag effect; (4) the effectiveness of the first driving is better than the second driving; and (5) the subsequence of water driving gas are from trunk fractures to branch fractures, then to branch pores.
主要以水驱气NMRI试验为例，详细介绍了核磁共振三轴渗透仪和型煤试件的研制，并重点阐述了水驱气试验过程和相关参数，利用NMRI技术实时观测得到了不同时间沿驱替方向型煤试件水平剖面的NMRI成像图，最后对试验结果进行了比较分析，揭示了一些新的规律认识：(1)水驱替前缘具有不一致性，从NMRI试验角度验证了前人甲烷类气体赋存形式主要以吸附在孔隙内表面为主的重要结论；(2)煤试件存在优势驱替路径，且这种优势路径在驱替过程中基本保持不变，水驱气的优势驱替路径易产生在煤试件边缘，即煤孔隙裂隙发育区；(3)水驱流量变化决定了水驱前缘的运移速度，且对水驱气效果具有滞后效应；(4)水驱气初次驱替效果好于二次驱替效果；(5)水驱替气的顺序为：主要大裂隙—周边裂隙—周边孔隙。
And in the West there has been a tradition of fanatic and brutal adherence to scientific principles: for example, around the year 1600 without giving it a second thought Kepler abandoned years and years of theoretical work on planetary motion to embark on a new direction after discovering that his original work led to a minute but detectable discrepancy of 2/60 of a degree of arc between his predicted and the observed trajectory of Mars.
而且，在西方有一个狂热地和狠心地遵守科学原则的传统。例如，1600年左右，开普勒想也不想，就把自己多年的关于星球运行的理论工作抛弃，改向新方面探索，因为发现了原来的理论工作，使到他对火星轨道所作出的计算跟观察而得到的真正轨道，具有一个微少的但是可以测量到的、仅仅2/60度弧线的差异。对调查的崇敬是西方那里出来的。
Going to the south-westward towards the rising country that is now called Combe Wood, I observed far off, in the direction of nineteenth-century Banstead, a vast green structure, different in character from any I had hitherto seen.
朝西南方向现在叫做库姆·伍德的这个正在蓬勃发展的乡村走，我看到远处19世纪班斯蒂特城的方向有一座绿色的大型建筑。
Luminance: The apparent brightness of a light source or surface observed from a specific direction, It is measured in cd/sq. cm.
亮度：光源或物体表面在一定方向观察所显现的光亮情况。
Accordingly, pattern of as-cast alloy observed by SEM are dendritic, which mainly consists of grains grow either along or perpendicularly to the direction of heat transformation, while grains of the alloy solidified at the cooling rate of 5m/s are exclusively columnar. For the alloys prepared at higher cooling rates (10 m/s, 15m/s, 20m/s), both the columnar and the dendritic grains have been found out by SEM technique. In a word, all above results have shown good correlations between the crystallites and grains.
与此相对应的是，扫描电镜下观察得到的铸态合金的显微结构表现为沿冷凝方向定向生长又兼以少量侧面生长的树枝状形貌，5m/s快凝合金的显微结构在形貌上为均匀细小的柱状，而在高快凝速度下（10m/s，15m/s，20m/s），通过扫描电镜既观察到了均匀细小的柱状形貌，又观察到了少量的树枝状形貌，在结构形态和均匀性方面表现出了与纳米级晶粒很好的对应关系。
To prove our theory, we have done some experiments: 1 observed the focusing and scanning of the longitudinal wave in isotropic solid; 2 measured the transition process and weighting effect in isotropic solid; 3 observed the focusing of SAW wave on YZ-LiNbO〓 metaled surface and defocusing as deviation from the pure-mode direction.
为了验证理论，本文用声光衍射的方法观察了：(1)各向同性的Fused SiO〓固体中纵波声束的会聚及焦点沿轴线的扫描；(2)表面阵列在Fused SiO〓固体中纵波+1级会聚的过渡现象；(3)YZ-LiN-bO〓金属化表面上表面波在纯模方向的会聚以及对称轴线偏离纯模方向时严重的散焦。
It is more likely that stars were first observed by migratory herdsmen, who found them a convenient mark of direction.
也许有一种可能性更大一些，最早观察星球的是四处漂泊的牧人，他们发现星星是指引方向的方便标志。
A peculiar behavior of gas permeation is discovered by using a variable-volume method to measure CO_2 gas permeation through a cobalt~(Ⅱ-neutralized sulfonated ethylene-propene-diene terpolymer ionomer membrane. A short plug of mercury in the capillary at the downstream side is observed to move from outside to inside instead of the usual inside-to-outside direction, i. e. CO_2 permeates spontaneously through the membrane from the downstream side toward the upstream side of N_2 gas or air.
在用体积法对乙丙三元橡胶磺酸钴离聚体膜Co~(-S-EPDM的测试中发现，当膜的低压侧为CO_2、高压侧为N_2或空气，一种奇特的气体渗透现象会发生：测试装置的毛细管中的水银球不是由里向外移动，而是由外向里反向移动，即处于低压侧的CO_2自发地向N_2或空气的高压侧反向渗透。
In the riser, severe particle clustering existed and the particles in clusters showed evident backmixing. While in the downer, rather loose clustering was observed and the particles in clusters flowed in the same direction as the macro-flow. Backmixing of particles could hardly be found in the downer.
提升管中颗粒聚团较为严重，且表现明显的颗粒返混现象；下行床中的颗粒聚团比较松散，且具有与宏观流动相同的流速方向，几乎无颗粒返混。
The shape, position, distribution and direction of weld defects in every deep layer can be direct observed from the two dimensional acoustic images.
从所显示的二维图象上可以直观地看到在一定深度层面上焊接缺陷的形状、位置、分布及取向。
A new kind of dye LB films, in which dye molecules formed H-aggregates units with a shift of absorption band in voilet direction, is reported. Invertable optical recording effect has been observed in the LB films in the three-dimentional degenerate four-wave mixing experiment.
通过对新型的染料LB膜(花氰-花生酸复合LB膜)的吸收光谱的测试，说明了LB膜中染料分子H-聚体结构的存在，而在立体简并四波混频实验中观察到这种LB膜具有可逆的光学记录与擦除效应，实验表明，在其中建立一个稳定的光栅，所用的记录光脉冲强度为30 MW/cm2，需要的累积记录时间为80 ns(10个脉冲)。
Objective: To provide anatomic basis for pectoranis minor muscle transplantation by vessels and nerves anastomosis to reconstruct thumb opposition function. Methods: The blood supply and nerve innervation of pectoralis minor muscle, the comparison of the morphology and dimension of both pectoralis minor muscle and thenar muscle were investigated on 20 sides of adult cadaveric thoraxes and hands. According to the locations of the vessels and nerves of the pectoralis minor, the clipped pectoralis minor muscle at the same side were transplanted and fixed to thenar muscles with the same direction of thenar muscle fiber. After that, the process of dragging simulating opposition movement of hand were performed and observed.
目的：为吻合血管神经的选择性胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能术式提供解剖学依据方法：在20侧成人胸部及手部标本中，解剖观察胸小肌的血管神经分布及胸小肌和大鱼际肌的形态、大小并将一者进行比较；然后按照大鱼际肌纤维走行方向，参考血管神经位置，将胸小肌修剪合适后移植固定于同侧手部大鱼际，模拟正常手部拇对掌功能予以牵拉，观察标本手部拇对掌过程。
For carcass traits, significant effects were observed for this locus on BFT1 and BFT2; For meat quality traits, this locus was near to significantly associated with pH and pH and seemed to be dominant in action.(5) LMCD1 gene was highly expressed in heart and muscle while it had a broad expression spectrum across all tissues examined.3、NRAP (Nebulin-related anchoring protein):(1) The full coding sequence of LargeWhite, Landrace and Meishan breeds were isolated. The nucleotide sequence of 5'RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA end) and intron 39 and 40 have been deposited to GenBank under accession number DQ157553 and DQ480149.(2) 35 SNPs were identified by comparing sequences, three of which resulted in amino acid change.(3) PCR-Eco721-RFLP was developed to detect A/G substitution in intron 39. In unrelated pigs from eight breeds, both allele A and B were found in Chinese pig breeds, while only B was in LargeWhite and Landrace.(4) Association analysis in 302 F_2 animals showed significant associations between Eco721-RFLP genotypes with BWT, CFW, LEH and BFT1 for carcass traits and pH, pH, MCV1, MCV2, DLR and WHC for meat quality traits. This locus was predominant in dominance for carcass trait, but in addition for meat quality.(5) NRAP mRNA was transcribed especially in heart and skeleton muscle.4、ECH1 (Enoyl CoA hydratase 1):(1) The full coding sequence of LargeWhite, Landrace and Meishan breeds, 5'RACE and all introns except intron 3 were isolated and deposited to GenBank under accession number DQ157552 and DQ480146DQ157552.(2) 17 SNPs were identified, of which one was cSNP.(3) Two A/G substitution were detected by PCR-BamHⅠ-RFLP in intron 1 and PCR- PstⅠ-RFLP in intron 5 separately, and T/C mutation in exon 4 was detected by PCR-SSCP. Among seven different pig breeds examined, results of BamHⅠ-RFLP in intron 1 showed that the frequency of allele B was near to 1 in LargeWhite and Landrace; both allele A and B were found in Chinese pig breeds, and allele B was predominant in other breeds except Meishan and Qingping. For PCR- PstⅠ-RFLP in intron 5, in seven commercial pig breeds, both alleles C and D were detected in all other examined breeds except Jianli pig which only had allele D.(4) Association analysis in 296 F_2 animals showed significant associations between BamHⅠ-RFLP genotypes and CFW, LEH and WM. And this locus seemed to be dominant in action. For PCR- PstⅠ-RFLP in intron 5 in 306 F_2 animals, for carcass traits, significant effects were observed for this locus on DP and AST; For meat quality traits, this locus was significantly associated with MCV2.(5) Expression of ECH1 gene can be detected in all tissues examined: heart, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, stomach, small intestine, muscle and fat.5、CKMT2 (creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2):(1) The full coding sequence of LargeWhite, Landrace and Meishan breeds were isolated and deposited GenBank under accession number DQ363337. In addition, the sequence of intron 4 can be seen in appendix 14.(2) Of nine SNPs identified within these sequences, three of which resulted in amino acid change.(3) An PCR- MspⅠ-RFLP was developed to detect the A/G polymorphism in intron 4. Among nine pig breeds examined, allele B was 1 or near to 1 in Meishan and Erhualian, while in other seven breeds all were 1 of allele A.(4) 302 F_2 animals were typed for association analysis. For carcass traits, significant effects were observed for this locus on BWT, IFR, FMP, CL, BFT1, BFT2 and BFT3, and their additive effects were predominant; For meat quality traits, this locus was significantly associated with WM.(5) Expression of CKMT2 gene was predominant in heart and skeleton muscle and moderate in lung, kidney and fat, although a weak signal was observed for liver, ovary and testis, and no expression in spleen, stomach, small intestine and uterus.6、TTID (Titin Immunoglobulin Domain Protein):(1) The full coding sequence of LargeWhite, Landrace and Meishan breeds and sequences of all introns except intron 2 and 7 were isolated and deposited to GenBank under accession number DQ157551 and DQ480148.(2) Total 51 SNPs within these intron sequences and no mutation or deletion was found in cDNA sequences.(3) An PCR- HinfⅠ-RFLP was developed to detect T/C substitution in intron 6. Among ten pig breeds which were typed by HinfⅠ-RFLP, results showed that there were significantly different in allele frequencies between Chinese indigenous pig breeds and foreign pig breeds: the frequencies were 1 or near to1 in LargeWhite and Landrace, while allele A was predominant in other five breeds although allele B were only a bit dominant in Erxihei, Qinsping and Bamei.(4) 279 F_2 animals were typed for association analysis. For carcass Waits, significant effects were observed for this locus on SP, LEA and AST, and their additive effects were significant; For meat quality traits, this locus was significantly associated with pH, MCV1 and WM, and their additive effects were significant.(5) Expression of TTID gene was highest in skeleton muscle and heart, with weak level in fat and lung, and no signal in other tissues.7、PFKM (Phosphofructokinase Muscle Type):(1) The full cDNA sequence of LargeWhite, Landrace and Meishan breeds and sequences of 2-21 introns were isolated and deposited to GenBank under accession number DQ363336 and DQ480147. And the length of sequence of intron 1 was identified.(2) Of the 111 SNPs identified within all sequences, four of which resulted in amino acid change.(3) PCR-TaqⅠ-RFLP were developed to detect T/C substitution in exon 13 and exon 17. In unrelated individuals from seven different pig breeds, allele frequencies of the TaqⅠ-RFLP in exon 13 was compared: frequencies of allele B in LargeWhite, Landrace, Erxihei were 1 or near to 1, and a little dominant of allele B in other four Chinese pig breeds. For the same polymorphism in exon 17, the trend of allele frequencies distribution was the similar to that of exon 13.(4) For association analysis in the 214 F_2 animals, significant effects were observed for different genetype of exon 13 on BWT, IFR, FMP, LMP, RLF, LEH, BFT1, BFI2, BFT4 and ABF of carcass traits. It is notable that both additive effects and dominant effects in BWT, LMP, RLF and LEH were very significant; For meat quality traits, this locus was significantly associated with MCV2, MM1, WM and IMF. Association analysis in 241 F2 animals showed there were significant effects on BFI3 and ABF of carcass traits and on MM1, MM2, DLR, WHC, IMF and WM of meat quality traits with TaqⅠ-RFLP in exon 17.(5) Expression of PFKM gene had different levels in each examined tissue except stomach and small intestine, with highest in skeleton muscle, then in heart.8、MYLPF (myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle):(1) The full genomic sequence of of LargeWhite, Landrace and Meishan breeds were isolated and deposited to GenBank under accession number DQ533994.(2)43 SNPs, including 5 cSNPs, were found by comparing sequences of three pig breeds, three of which resulted in amino acid change.(3) PCR-TaqⅠ-RFLP and PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP were developed to detect G/A substitution and T/C substitution in intron 1 separately. For MspⅠ-RFLP among seven different pig breeds examined, the frequency of allele B was two times of that of allele A in Landrace, while allele B were predominant in other breeds. For TaqⅠ-RFLP, the frequency of allele B was two times of that of allele A in LargeWhite and Landrace.(4) The locus of MspⅠ-RFLP was typed in 140 pigs (Landrace, LargeWhite, Meishan, LargeWhite×Landrace and Landrace×Large White pigs) to study the association between carders of different genotype and the trait values. For carcass traits, significant effects were observed for this locus on LMP, SP, LEW and LEA, with approximative significant on BFT1 and LEH(P＜0.06). This locus appeared to be additive effects with different action direction; For meat quality traits, this locus was significantly associated with MM1, MM2 and WM and IMF, which appeared to be predominant on addictive effects.(5) RT-PCR analysis of MYLPF showed its expression in all tissues examined, with highest levels in heart and skeleton muscle.
在所检测的6个猪种中，大白、长白、鄂西黑和皖南花猪种G等位基因的基因频率为1或接近1，而梅山和清平品种的等位基因G基因频率分别为0.2889和0；(4)在178头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，该位点与胸腰椎间背膘厚和臀部平均背膘厚差异显著，该位点以显性作用方式为主，且方向一致；(5)该基因在所检测的各组织中均有表达，在心脏和肌肉中表达量最高。3、NRAP(Nebulin-related anchoring protein，伴肌动蛋白相关锚定蛋白)：(1)获得了大白猪、杜洛克猪、梅山猪三个猪种基因编码序列、5`RACE(rapid amplificationof cDNA end，快速扩增cDNA末端)及其第39、40内含子序列，序列已提交到GenBank中，登录号为DQ157553和DQ480149；(2)发现了35个SNPs，其中3处预测可导致氨基酸改变；(3)建立了第39内含子A／G替换的PCR-Eco721-RFLP分型方法；在所检测的8个猪种中，大白、长白猪种B等位基因的基因频率为1，中国地方猪群可检测到A和B等位基因；(4)在302头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，该位点与出生重、内脂率、眼肌高度、肩部背膘厚、背最长肌pH值、失水力、系水力、背最长肌肌肉色值、股二头肌pH值和股二头肌色值显著或极显著相关，该位点在胴体性状以显性作用方式为主，肉质性状则以加性作用为主；(5)该基因特异性的在心脏和骨骼肌中表达。4、ECHI (Enoyl CoA hydramse 1，烯酯酰辅酶A水合酶1)：(1)获得了大白猪、长白猪、梅山猪三个猪种基因编码序列、5`RACE及第3内含子外的所有内含子序列，并提交到序列的GenBank登录号为DQ157552和DQ480146；(2)序列比对发现了17个SNPs，其中1处cSNP；(3)建立了第1内含子A／G替换的PCR-BamHⅠ-RFLP、第5内含子A／G替换的PCR-PstⅠ-RFLP分型方法和第4外显子T／C突变的PCR-SSCP分型方法；第1内含子的酶切多态，在所检测的7个猪种中，大白和长白猪种B等位基因的基因频率接近为1，而中国猪种均可检测到A和B等位基因，除清平猪种外，其余品种均为B等位基因占优势；关于第5内含子多态性分布，在所检测的7个猪种中，监利猪未检测到A等位基因，其余猪种均可检测到A和B等位基因，均为B等位基因占优势；(4)在296头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，第1内含子多态的不同基因型间内脂率、眼肌高度和肌内水分等生产性状差异显著，以显性效应为主；在306头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，第5内含子位点与屠宰率、平均皮厚和股二头肌色值差异显著；(5)该基因在所检测的9个组织中均表达。5、CKMT2 crcatine kinase，mitochondrial 2(sarcomeric，肌节线粒体肌酸激酶2：(1)获得了大白猪、长白猪、梅山猪三个猪种基因cDNA序列，该基因GenBank登录号为DQ363337，获得的第4内含子序列见附录14；(2)序列比对，发现了9个SNPs，其中3处预测可导致氨基酸改变；(3)建立了第4内含子A／G替换的PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP分型方法，在检测的9个猪种中，梅山和二花脸猪中B等位基因频率为1或接近1，其他7个猪种均为A等位基因频率为1；(4)在302头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，该位点与出生重、内脂率、肥肉率、胴体长、肩部背膘厚、胸腰椎间背膘厚、臀部背膘厚和肌内水分等性状差异显著，以加性作用方式为主；(5)该基因在心脏和骨骼肌中表达丰度最高，在脾脏、胃、小肠和子宫中不表达，在其余组织不同程度的表达。6、TTID (Titin Immunoglobul in Domain Protein；肌联蛋白免疫球蛋白区域蛋白)：(1)获得了大白猪、长白猪、梅山猪三个猪种基因全长cDNA序列以及除第2、7内含子外的所有内含子序列，提交到GenBank的登录号为DQ157551和DQ480148；(2)序列比对发现了51个SNPs，该基因cDNA中没有发现碱基突变或缺失；(3)建立了第6内含子T／C替换的PCR-HinfⅠ-RFLP分型方法，在检测的10个猪种中，在大白和长白猪种中B等位基因的频率为1或是接近1，国内品种中除鄂西黑猪、清平猪和八眉猪中B等位基因频率略占优势外，其余5个品种均为A等位基因占绝对优势；(4)在279头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，胴体性状方面，该位点与皮率和眼肌面积差异显著，与平均皮厚差异极显著；并且表现为加性效应显著或极显著，肉质方面，该位点与股二头肌pH值、背最长肌和肌内水分差异显著，表现为显性效应显著；(5)该基因在心脏和骨骼肌中表达量很高，在脂肪和肺中微量表达，其余组织中不表达。7、PFKM (Phosphofructokinase Muscle Type，肌型磷酸果糖激酶)：(1)获得了大白猪、长白猪、梅山猪三个猪种基因全长cDNA序列及第2到21内含子序列，验证猪中第1内含子的大小，序列GenBank的登录号为DQ363336和DQ480147；(2)序列比对发现了111处SNPs，其中4处预测可导致氨基酸改变；(3)建立了第13外显子T／C替换和第17外显子的PCR-TaqⅠ-RFLP分型方法，在所检测的7个猪种中，第13外显子多态性分布频率在检测的大白、长白和鄂西黑猪中B等位基因频率为1，另外四个国内猪种均为B等位基因占优势，在所检测的7个猪种中，第17外显子多态性分布频率基本同第13外显子位点的分布，(4)在214头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，第13外显子位点基因型不同时，出生重、内脂率、肥肉率、瘦肉率、瘦肥比率、眼肌高度、6—7胸腰椎间背膘厚、胸腰椎间背膘厚、肩部背膘厚、三点平均背膘厚、股二头肌色值、背最长肌大理石纹、肌内水分和肌内脂肪差异显著或极显著；该位点在部分胴体性状加性效应和显性效应均为极显著；在241头大×梅F_2代资源家系中进行标记性状关联分析，第17外显子位点与眼肌高度、臀部背膘厚、三点平均背膘厚、大理石纹、失水率、系水力、肌内脂肪和肌内水分差异显著或极显著；(5)该基因在心脏和骨骼肌中表达量很高，胃和小肠没有表达，其他组织均有不同程度的表达。8、MYLPF (myosin light chain，phosphorylatable，fast skeletal muscle，肌浆球蛋白轻链可磷酸化蛋白)：(1)获得了大白猪、长白猪和梅山猪的基因组序列；序列GenBank的登录号为DQ533994；(2)序列比对，发现了43处SNPs，有5处cSNPs，其中3处预测可导致氨基酸改变；(3)建立了第1内含子G／A替换的PCR-TaqⅠ-RFLP和TIC替换的PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP分型方法；在所检测的7个猪种中，第1内含子MspⅠ-RFLP多态性分布频率在长白猪中A等位基因与B等位基因频率的比例大约为1：2，其余猪种为B等位基因占绝对优势；在所检测的7个猪种中，第1内含子TaqⅠ-RFLP多态性分布频率，在大白和长白猪中A等位基因与B等位基因频率的比例大约为1：2，国内猪种均为B等位基因占绝对优势；(4)在140头试验猪群(长白、梅山、长白、长白×大白、大白×长白)中进行标记性状关联分析，基因型不同时，瘦肉率、皮率、股二头肌大理石纹、背最长肌大理石纹和肌内水分差异显著，眼肌宽度、眼肌面积和肌内脂肪差异极显著，肩部背膘厚和眼肌高度差异接近显著水平；该位点在这些性状上均表现为加性作用方式，但作用方向不同；(5)该基因在各组织中均有表达，尤以心脏和骨骼肌中表达丰度最高。
By means of MAPGIS 6.0, the average area and volume of hypothalamic nucleus was measured. Results: The reconstructed hypothalamic nuclei were smooth, natural and realistic, which were observed in all directions. The image could be rotated, zoomed and cut in any direction.
结果：三维重建的立体图像逼真自然，能够流畅地旋转、缩放，可在任一角度观察其形态，任平面切割行切面观察，图像空间毗邻及定位准确，三维测量获得了精确的解剖参数。
The virtual face can be observed in any direction and can make different expressions by combining different muscular vectors'motion.
基于第二个方法重建出来的人脸模型，在第五章中，我们用计算机视觉技术和基于图像的方法通过跟踪录像实现脸部表情动画。
Using stereomicroscope, we observed the fracture line direction and location as well as the angle between the fracture line and the attrite plane. The data was compiled into statistics and analyzed. The results revealed that most of the vertical root fractures occurred in teeth with severe attrite crown and flat root. Numerous bucco-lingual oriented fractures occurred in the mesial root of molars, and we found three non-endodontically treated cases with mesio-distal oriented fractures in the palatal roots.
结果发现，两组的垂直牙根断裂均好发於牙冠严重磨耗（77.4-88.2%）且扁平的牙根（61.8-75.8%）上，以大臼齿的近心牙根发生率最高（64-85.7%），多为颊舌侧走向（91.2-91.9%），且於未根管治疗组别亦发现三例腭侧根断裂，走向为较宽的近远心方向，显示牙根断裂会沿著牙根较宽的方向发生；同时，未经根管治疗而产生垂直牙根断裂的牙齿具有根叉位置较低的现象（61.8%），牙根於比例上有较短小的特徵。
We observed the changes of blood direction and frequency spectrum in the skull part of vertebral artery by TCD, the inside membrane and diameter of the vertebral artery outside skull part, carotid artery, subclavian artery and innominate artery were displayed by 2-dimensional ultrasound, and the blood direction and flow velocity were detected by color Doppler ultrasound.
锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者24例，均经临床检查及相关影像学检查确诊，其中14例经血管造影检查，10例经磁共振血管造影检查，采用TCD方法观察椎动脉颅内段血流方向及频谱的变化，二维超声显示椎动脉颅外段、颈动脉、锁骨下动脉及无名动脉的内膜和内径，彩色及频谱多普勒检测血流方向及速度。