Establish the cold model of experiment about flat-flame combustion and measure the level flow field with Particle Image Velocimetry.
建立了平焰燃烧冷态试验模型，采用粒子成像技术主要测量烧咀下方燃烧区流场状况。
In this article we have examined the law of motion of a charged particle when it is put into a constant magnetic field and a vibration electric field, and a gravity field at a uniform speed along arbitrary orientation, we also calculate some particle`s motion states in some certain circumstances via the discussion aiming for the Larmor frequency a and the vibration frequency w from general to concrete.
本文研究了入射速度为任意方向的情况下，带电粒子在相互正交的恒定磁场和振荡电场中并考虑重力情况下的运动规律，并且针对拉莫频率和振荡频率展开1系列的讨论，从1般到具体，求得某些特殊情况下粒子的运动状态。
Particle Image Velocimetry was applied to the investigation of the flow field in the header of PFHE for the first time.
研究发现：减少封头内部流场旋涡的数量可以提高其流场分布的均匀性，从而为封头结构的改进提供了理论依据。
And if you work in a field like elementary particle physics
尤其是当你的研究领域是基本粒子物理学时
Through the optimal simulation with the theory of two-phase turbulent flow, the abrasion in the runner crown and the working face is serious. The field of maximum velocity of the particle phase is in the working face approach to the runner inlet. The field of maximum density of the particle phase is in the working face approach to the runner outlet and the lower loop.
通过最优工况的固液两相流计算，上冠和工作面进口边处磨蚀较为严重，而转轮内固相速度最高的区域是工作面靠近进口的地方，固相浓度最高的地方是工作面靠近出口边和下环的地方。
The erosion and deposition characteristics of sediment in different particle sizes are analyzed based on field data of hydrology and sediment.
从大量实测水文泥沙的观测资料出发，分析了黄河下游不同粒径泥沙的冲淤特性，讨论拦减粗沙及三门峡和小浪底水库修建后对下游河道冲淤的影响，给出近年来黄河下游河道冲淤的基本特性及其影响因素，提出了黄河下游减淤的一些措施，获得了一些有益的成果。
As a matter of fact, free particle are automatically placed in the field interaction once local gauge transformation is made on them.
其实 ，对自由粒子做局域规范变换，粒子就已被自动置于场的相互作用之中了。
Individual charged particles of non-thermal radiation, including:(1) particles produced by collisions between the near Bremsstrahlung; (2) particle in a magnetic field of the cyclotron radiation and synchrotron radiation; (3) particle movement along the curved magnetic field lines generated by curvature radiation; (4) relativistic electron and photon collisions arising from inverse Compton scattering; (5) particle velocity of more than medium, phase velocity of light caused by cutting with Stetchkov radiation.
单个带电粒子的非热辐射，主要包括：（1）质点间近碰撞产生的轫致辐射；（2）质点在磁场中的回旋加速辐射和同步加速辐射；（3）质点沿弯曲磁力线运动产生的曲率辐射；（4）相对论性电子与光子碰撞而产生的逆康普顿散射；（5）质点速度超过介质中光的相速度而引起的切连柯夫辐射。
The flow field and particle trace of the ESP with transverse collecting plates were simulated.
在此配置基础上，对横向极板电收尘器的流场和粒子轨迹进行了模拟。
For non-intense beams, particle trajectory can be obtained by multiplying linear transport matrices. For nonlinear transport of intense beams, the influence of space-charge effect on beam transport needs to be taken into account, and self-consistent solution should be derived because of the interaction between charged particle distribution and space charge field. In the program, components and currents are divided into equal intervals, respectively, and each interval is treated as a uniform solenoid field.
程序在计算非强流脉冲束流的线性传输时，粒子的轨迹通过矩阵的直接相乘计算得出；程序在计算强流脉冲束流的非线性传输时，需要考虑束流中的空间电荷效应对束流传输的影响，在束流运动过程中，空间电荷场也在不断地变化，而且粒子运动的轨迹与空间电荷势又是相互依赖的，因此需要求得一个自洽的解，先把元件分成若干均等的区间，把电流分成若干等份，后采用束流电流迭代与元件区间迭代的计算方法。
Firstly this dissertation introduces the developing history and the present situation of LSV and PIV, then three problems to be solved further are pointed out, (1) velocity direction ambiguity; (2) fast processing of transparency; (3) 3-D flow field measuring The parallel optical processing method and section measuring method are presented to aim at the problem (2) and (3) After some basic concept such as speckle, autocorrelation function, Young`s fringe and diffraction halo being introduced, the complex distribution of halo and autocorrelation of particle image are discussed simply.
本文首先介绍了LSV和PIV的发展历史和现状，指出了目前LSV和PIV技术三个尚需进一步解决的问题：（1）速度方向的二义性问题；（2）照片快速处理；（3）三维流场测量。并针对问题（2）、（3）分别提出了并行光学处理和三维流场切片测量的设想。
The motion of a electric particle in an attractive Coulumb field and a strong homogenous magnetic field, i. e., the diamagnetic Kepler problem, was also studied.
我们还探讨了一个带电粒子在吸引的库仑电场和一个强均匀磁场中的运动，这个模型对于讨论从规则运动到全局混沌很有意义。
On the basis of the study of gas-phase mixing layer, solid particles are added into the mixing layer and compressible gas-solid two-phase mixing layer flow in time is simulated by using two-way coupling method between flow fields and particles. For the two-phase mixing layer where Mc is 0.5, the interactions between particles and flow field in compressible gas-solid two-phase mixing layer flow are studied about two period problem, and the influence of Stokes number、particle`s size、particle`s density and particle thickness on the development of flow field and the motion of particles is analyzed. In addition, the influence which is Basset force to the motion of particles is investigated roundly by following a single particle at different initial position. For the two-phase mixing layer where Mc is in the region of transonic(0.8), the influence of particle thickness、particle`s size and particle`s relative density to gas on shock let structure in flow field is analyzed.
在上述单相混合层研究基础上，通过在混合层中添加固体颗粒，采用流场和固粒双向耦合的方法模拟了时间模式下可压缩气固两相混合层的流动，对Mc为亚声速的混合层，针对两周期问题分析讨论了可压缩的气固两相混合层中气体流场与固粒的相互作用特性，分析了Stokes数、颗粒尺寸、颗粒浓度以及固粒与气体密度比等因素对粒子运动和流场发展的影响，此外还通过跟踪不同位置的单一粒子，比较全面地考查了备受关注的Basset力对粒子运动的影响；对Mc为跨声速的两相混合层，分析讨论了颗粒体积浓度、颗粒尺寸以及固粒与气体密度比等对流场中小激波结构的影响。
Compared the forms of Berry phasewith one particle in rotary magnetic field, we make an conclusion that both of them have thesame forms.
这些研究结果将有助于我们去寻找一种操控体系的Berry相位的新途径。
The operation of Yuanji Chart forms the structural system of superimposed successive grades. Its Huangji contains both You and Wu, both Yuanguang and Yuanyin, working in agreement with the basic theory of the unity of Wu and You, and the unity of Three-Yuan. This state of containing You and Wu is similar to such diverse theories of modern science as the wave-particle duality, and the field-matter unity.
元极图运化形成了叠加连续等级结构系统，其皇极既含有又含无，既有元光又蕴元音，这与无有一体、三元一体的基本理论相符，此即有即无，与波粒二象性、场物不二等许多现代科学的理论相类似，相互对立的两极是相通相融的，本质上是一体的，对其理解和把握囿于人的思维层次，陷在现象之中就不识庐山真面目，跳出境界之外，超越它，当成浑然一体就一目了然。
In the other modified condition at pH 3.5, lysine-Fe3O4 and arginine-Fe3O4 have two thermogravity weight loss temperatures, the lower temperature is about equal to that at pH 12 and the higher temperature (556℃and 580℃) may be resulted from desorption or degradation of amino acids. The lower and higher thermogravity weight loss temperature may be attributed to physical adsorption and chemical adsorption of amino acid molecules, respectively. In addition, histidine-Fe3O4 only have a higher thermogravity weight loss temperature (428℃), implying that histidine molecules may be adsorbed on particle surface by chemical adsorption. According to Zeta potentials of these particles and comparing the particle sedimentation rates induced by external magnetic field in buffer solutions, we refer that the obtained modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles at pH 3.5 exhibit better dispersity than that at pH 12. In particular, both arginine-Fe3O4 and histidine-Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified at pH 3.5 can be dispersed very well in buffer solutions.
而pH = 3.5条件下，碱性胺基酸所修饰的粒子lysine-Fe3O4与arginine-Fe3O4分别有两个热重量损失温度，较低的热重量损失温度与pH = 12条件下表面修饰的粒子相当，代表粒子可能以物理吸附方式吸附胺基酸分子；较高的热重量损失温度分别为556℃与580℃，此热重量损失温度可能为胺基酸分子的热裂解或化学吸附之脱附，代表离胺酸与晶胺酸分子可能以化学吸附方式吸附於粒子表面；此外，histidine-Fe3O4只有一个较高热重量损失温度（428℃），亦代表组胺酸可能以化学吸附方式吸附於粒子表面；此外，根据粒子的沉降速率及界面电位知，pH = 3.5条件下修饰的粒子在缓冲溶液中之分散性明显高於pH = 12条件下表面修饰的粒子，尤其晶胺酸与组胺酸表面修饰的粒子在缓冲溶液中有极佳之分散性。
We consider a neutral particle with magnetic moment μ antiparallel to the field of the Ioffe trap.
Ioffe阱被广泛地使用于中性粒子的囚禁技术中[1，2]。
At the Earth gravitational field, the neutral particle trajectories are conic, one of the speed of the larger particles, may have left out of gravity and the Earth.
在地球引力场中，中性粒子的运动轨迹是圆锥曲线，其中速度较大的粒子，有可能摆脱引力而飞离地球。
The detector has an electric field parallel to the incident direction and sufficient gas pressure to stop the particle.
该探测器是1台全阻止型的气体电离室，电场方向与入射粒子方向平行。
Life; cosmic philosophy; field; particle; energy
生命；宇宙观；场；粒子；能量