Seeds often carunculate; testa hard, nitid, often with oily bodies, sometimes alate; endosperm copious, fleshy; embryo erect.
种子通常具种阜；种皮坚硬，有光泽，经常有油性颗粒，有时具翅；胚乳丰富，肉质；胚直立。
Seeds globose-ovoid, arillate or not, usually smooth; endosperm abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons rather thick, plano-convex.
种子球状卵圆形，具假种皮与否，通常平滑；胚乳丰富；胚直立；子叶相当厚，平凸。
There are commonly eight nuclei in the embryo sac: the egg apparatus at the micropylar end, made up of an gee nucleus and two synergid nuclei; three antipodal cells at the oppsite chalazal end that probably aid embryo nourishment; and two polar nuclei in the center that fuse to form the primary endosperm nucleus.
通常胚囊中有8个核，卵器在珠孔端，由卵和两个助细胞组成；3个反足细胞在合点端，可能为胚胎提供营养；胚囊中央有2个极核，融合在一起形成最初的胚乳核。
DMBQ, ferulic acid and resorcin were effective chemical signal substances in the process of seed germination and haustorium formation of Cistanche deserticola. 4.The embryo is consist of 12 cells, the endosperm cell degraded so as to provide nutrition for the embryo development. As a result, germ tube differentiated from the embryo and came out through micropylar end, the small cell at the tip of the germ tube held the capacity of cleavage and the other cells grew big, so the germ tube elongated. The anterior extremity of germ tube swelled to form haustorium under chemical substances treatment, the haustorium cell stained, especially its portrait because of the lignification of the cells.
肉苁蓉种子的胚是由12个细胞紧密排列形成的圆球状胚，球形原胚分裂增殖的同时，胚乳细胞分解，为胚细胞的增殖提供营养，最终胚上分化出的芽管由珠孔端冒出，芽管前端细胞较小，具有旺盛的分裂能力，后部细胞体积增大，芽管逐渐伸长，在化学物质的诱导下，芽管由中部至前端细胞膨大分化出初生吸器，初生吸器呈帽子状，而这些细胞比其周围的细胞着色深，吸器纵向局部区域的番红染色加深，细胞高度木质化。
Seeds with or without endosperm, embryo straight.
种子有或无胚乳，胚直。
The genetic effects of the embryo and endosperm genes on rice seedling biomass at early stages were investigated in this paper.
本文利用胚和胚乳遗传模型研究了水稻早期胚后生长生物量性状的遗传控制。
The major abnormal kinds were: abnormality of fertilization, single-fertilization, abnormality of embryo and endosperm, enlargement of non-fertilized ovary.
在对同源四倍体水稻授粉后1d、3d和7d 的胚囊的观察发现，双受精过程、胚胎发育及胚乳发育特点基本上与二倍体一致，但前者出现的异常类型和频率明显比后者高。
Only in the seed coat fibers and transfer cells but not in the endosperm and embryo.
这些结果表明Sus 在棉纤维单细胞的纤维始发和伸长中起速度限制作用。
Endosperm, cells disorganize gradually along with embryo development.
随胚的发育和生长，胚乳细胞逐渐解体。
Seeds small, obovate, angular and wingless or planoconvex with a narrow marginal wing; testa crustaceous, shiny; embryo small, straight; cotyledons subrounded, clasping, embedded in copious fleshy endosperm.
种子小，倒卵形，具角和无翼的或平凸具一个狭窄的边缘的翅；种皮壳质，发亮；胚小，直；子叶近圆形，抱茎，嵌入大量肉质胚乳中。
The research of citrus biotechnology had been conducted for more twenty years in China. Four aspects are mainly included:①Embryo, endosperm culture and shoof tip grafting in vitro to solve problems in the breeding and production.
我国柑桔生物技术研究已有20几年的发展，主要涉及4个方面：①胚和胚乳培养以及茎尖微芽嫁接等以解决有种和生产问题。
The results showed that: the excised embryos could not germinate because of the existing of endosperm, even if they had finished the morphological after-ripening; the embryos were dormant and could not germinate under excised condition when they had not finished morphological differentiation; when embryos had finished morphological differentiation, they were not dormant and could germinate under favourable excised condition, the more matured of the embryo, the better it germinated.
结果表明：由于胚乳的存在，即使种胚已经完成了形态后熟，胚仍然不能萌发；种子胚在尚未分化完全时处于休眠状态，在离体条件下不能萌发；当胚完成分化以后，胚本身不是休眠的，在适宜的离体条件下能正常萌发，而且胚发育越接近成熟其萌发力就越强。
The endosperm is usually triploid and develops from the primary endosperm nucleus, the triploid nucleus resulting from the fusion of one of the male gametes from the pollen tube with the polar nuclei in the embryo sac.
胚乳通常是三倍体，由初生胚乳核发育而来，三倍体核来源于花粉管中的雄配子与胚囊中两个极核的融合。
The collularization of the free—nucleate endosperm initiated at the club— shaped embryo stage with of anticlinal ingrowth.
胚乳细胞化通过初期自由生长壁形成细胞壁，后期通过成膜体和细胞板的方式共同形成细胞壁。
Seeds without endosperm or endosperm sparse and thin; testa cartilaginous or thinly membranous, sometimes absent; embryo straight or curved.
种子没有胚乳或胚乳薄；种皮坚硬或薄膜质，有时无；胚直或弯曲。
Scutellum The part of the embryo of Poaceae that lies next to the endosperm. It is thought to be the modified cotyledon.
小盾片：存在于 Poaceae的胚芽中紧邻胚乳的结构，通常被认为是子叶的变形。
This review is focused on the recent research progresses of related genes in the development of embryo, endosperm, and miosis, and several genes may involved in the regulation of apomitic development.
本文介绍了植物胚发育、胚乳发育、减数分裂等涉及无融合生殖过程的相关基因的研究进展，同时介绍了可能与植物无融合生殖途径调控相关的几个基因片段的研究情况。
Three new rice characters(i. e. giant embryo, sugary endosperm and dullendosperm)were analyzed systematically in the areas of classical genetics, molecular genetics, breeding potential evaluation and new material development.
稻米品质与人类健康有十分密切的关系，但过去的研究多局限于胚乳的蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量方面，而对胚的营养性和某些胚乳的特殊性状却鲜有研究。
The classical genetic analyses in 27 different cross combinationsshowed that giant embryo, sugary endosperm and dull endosperm werecontrolled by single recessive genes respectively. Small embryo individualswere discovered in combinations between ge mutant and three indica varieties. The gametophyte genes linking with su and du gene made the mutant types lowin ratio than expected in some combinations.
在各有27个不同类型杂交组合的经典基因分析结果表明，巨大胚、甜胚乳、暗胚乳米均属隐性单基因控制，巨大胚与个别籼稻杂交会产生极小胚分离，甜胚乳米、暗胚乳米位点附近均存在配子体致死基因位点，使得一些组合中甜胚乳米、暗胚乳的分离偏少，在标记基因定位研究中，调查了涉及8条染色体21个形态标记与巨大胚之间分离。
Flowers unisexual, dioecious, or the number of the same strain of male flowers was born in the stems, the Department set was born in axil at the top gradually form a spike; tepals 4, stamen 4; female flowers grow in clusters in the axil, no perianth, the ovary was born two bracts, the bracts longitudinal fractures each other, forming the flat tube, the top has two small teeth, usually each with a dorsal spine-like appendages, fruit period of bud tube enlarged and hardened, usually 3 -4 a tufted, seeds oblate, diameter 3 mm, reddish seed coat, embryo annular, endosperm powder.
花单性，雌雄异株或多少同株，雄花生于茎上部，集生于叶腋，至顶端渐形成穗状花序；花被片4，雄蕊4；雌花簇生于叶腋，无花被，子房生于2苞片内，苞片纵折，彼此合生成扁筒，顶端有2小齿，背侧通常各具1棘状附属物，果期苞筒增大并变硬，通常3—4个簇生，种子扁圆，直径3毫米，种皮淡红色，胚环形，胚乳粉状。