We propose that the noncell-autonomous effects of Spemann's organizer on dorsoventral patterning are executed in part by diffusible signals that directly bind to and neutralize ventral BMPs during gastrulation.
我们提出，施佩曼组织器对背腹式的非细胞自发功能，有部分是通过原肠胚形成过程中，直接结合和抵消腹部BMP的扩散性信号所发挥的。
Spemann then conducted another experiment, where this time, he removed a few cells from the back half of one embryo and transplanted them into the belly half of a different embryo.
Spemann这时进行了另一项实验，他将一些背部细胞从胚胎中移出植入腹部的胚胎。
In1928, Hans Spemann addressed these questions experimentally using salamander eggs.
1928年HansSpemann通过用蝾螈卵子做实验提出这些问题。
Although the hypothesis for embryo nuclear transplantation had been put forward by Hans Spemann as early as 1938, it was not until 1950s and 1960s that embryo nuclear transplantation was successfully conducted in the amphibian and fish, respectively.
尽管早在1938年HansSpemann就已提出了胚胎细胞核移植的设想，但直到20世纪50和60年代才在两栖类和鱼类获得成功。
After dividing a salamander embryo in half, Spemann noticed that one half-specifically, the half that gives rise to the salamander's'belly'(ventral) starts to wither away.
在将蜥蜴的胚胎切为两半后，Spemann注意到，有一半胚胎――即而后发展为蜥蜴肚子的那一半（腹侧）开始枯萎消失。