Angular spectral is spectral value map formed by estimating semblable coefficients of fast and slow shear wave or the variation of amplitude ratio of fast and slow shear wave with times and angles at a specified space point based on semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the angle value of this space point at a given time can be got by picking the maximum of angular spectral; the study reveals that fast and slow shear wave with different polarization direction should be separated using different rotation formula, eight formulas of separating fast and slow shear wave using clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation have been derived, and gained energy assignment rule and phase coincidence rule, in real data estimation, the rotation formula used for separating fast and slow shear wave can be uniquely determined on the two discriminating rules. On the basis of semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the delay time corresponding to the maximum of semblable coefficients at a specified point in a given time window is the delay time of fast and slow shear wave, delay time section of fast and slow shear wave can be got by moving space point and smoothing time window. The vertical variation values of delay time of fast and slow shear wave reflect the effect degree of vertical fractured reservoir on fast and slow shear wave which is defined as anisotropic coefficient, and section map of anisotropic coefficient can be obtained.
角度谱就是利用快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一空间点求出快慢横波的相似系数或快慢横波的振幅比值随着时间和角度的变化而形成的谱值图，拾取其极大值就得到该空间点某一时间的角度值；在研究中发现分离不同偏振方向的快慢横波应该采用不同的旋转公式，推导出了利用顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转分离快慢横波的八个公式，并给出了能量分配准则和相位一致性准则两个判别准则，在实际计算中利用这两个判别准则能唯一地确定分离快慢横波的旋转公式；根据快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一给定点和给定时窗内最大相似系数对应的延迟时间就是快慢横波的延迟时间，随着空间点的移动和时窗的滑动就可以得到快慢横波延迟时间的剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间与慢横波传播时间的比值定义为裂缝密度，并求出了裂缝密度剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间纵向上的变化值的大小反映了纵向上裂隙层对快慢横波影响的大小，定义为各向异性系数，并求出了各向异性系数的剖面图。
From the angle of energy balance of the structure-wind system, the relation between the variation of the system energy and the equivalent damping ratio of the system is identified, and the calculating methods of equivalent damping ratio of the system and each mode are derived.
发展了悬索桥多模态颤振分析的能量法，从结构-气流整个系统能量平衡的角度进行研究，导出了系统等效阻尼比与能量变化率之间的关系，推演了计算系统及各阶模态等效阻尼比的理论公式，通过对多座悬索桥的分析，揭示了系统发生颤振的物理机理。
Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly; (2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C; (3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best; (4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication; (5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.
通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。
Muti-element analysis indicate that two gold enrichment zones exist in the section of J 4 breccia pipe, above each of the zone, there is an As enrichment zone. The analysis also indicate that Ag, Pb mainly enrich in the upper part of the J 4 pipe, while Co, Ni, W enrich in the low part, the ratio of Ag/W and Pb/Co show positive correlation with the elevations. Elements in F 120 auriferous quartz vein show similar variation in section.
对矿区J4角砾岩体胶结物进行的多元素分析测试结果表明，在剖面上，Au有两个富集标高，Ag、Pb主要在浅部富集，Co、Ni、W主要在深部富集，而As则主要在矿体上部富集，Ag/W、Pb/Co与标高呈正相关关系，在F120含金石英脉中也有相似的规律。
The effect of the variation of the load on area replacement ratio and deformation modulus in different depth was considered.
该方法适用于不同布桩方式下桩土应力比的求解，且能够反映桩、土体变形模量和面积置换率随加载而不断变化的特点。
The characteristic of BMS silica mesostructure and the effect of various synthesis factor (including ammonia/silica molar ratio, composition concentration variation, surfactant alkyl chain length, auxiliary organic molecules such as trimethylbenzene, catalyst structure and properties, solvent and cosolvent volume and its polarity, aging and drying conditions and postsynthesis hydrothermal treatment and so on) on the resultant BMS silica structure and properties were assessed using a series of analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, 〓Si MAS NMR, TG-DTA and N〓 adsorption measurements.
结果显示BMS二氧化硅分子筛是由大量封装胶束的纳米二氧化硅颗粒（约为20-40nm）堆积形成的聚集体，其双介孔分布中较小的介孔起因于颗粒内部表面活性剂模板形成的介孔，我们称之为骨架介孔。它类似于我们在MCM-41中看到的介孔，可通过改变表面活性剂胶束的尺寸而在2.56-3.65nm的范围内进行调节。
Laws of variation of coke ratio and utilization coefficient, and relationship between smelting intensity and ki- netic energy of blast have also been analysed in this paper.
根据理论解析，导出了计算焦比和诸因素对焦比影响的公式，分析了焦比与利用系数之间的变动规律以及冶炼强度与鼓风动能之间的关系。
The erosion adjustment process of the strong constraint braided channel shows the river-bed morphology variation, the cut-down of sand channel and gravel channel and change of division ratio.
强约束型分汊河道冲刷调整规律为洲滩形态的调整，沙泓、石泓的下切以及分流比的变化。
The results showed that, the most important factor on variation of viscosity was the quantity of oxidant, and the most important factor on the water loss ratio was the quantity of bentonite.
结果表明，对粘度变化率影响最大的因素是氧化剂用量，而对失水率影响最大的因素是膨润土用量。
In addition, the confidence limit estimators for the ratio of two coefficients of variation and the differences of percentiles of two normal populations are presented. The simple methods of confidence comparative tests for the characteristics are also established.
此外，还提出两正态母体变异系数比值及百分位值之差的置信限估计量，并建立相应的置信对比检验简便方法。
Connotation of urban land concentrated utilization, present trend in our country and abroad are studied in this paper. Combining with relative theories, on the basis of factual survey, and setting Shandong province as an example, connotation, present condition, evaluation ratio system, variation trend and countermeasures of concentrated land utilization are studied in theory and practice, and relative problems occurred in concentrated land utilization are studied as well. Six chapters are included in this paper: Prologue: it is composed of analysis to background and significance of selected topic.
本研究分析了国内外关于我国城镇土地集约利用概念内涵，研究现状趋势；联系城镇建设用地集约利用问题的相关理论，并在实际调查的基础之上，以山东省为例，从理论和实证研究两个方面对城镇土地集约利用概念内涵、城镇建设用地集约利用现状、评价指标体系、变化趋势及利用对策等方面进行了深入研究，对城镇建设用地集约利用问题的相关问题进行了思考与探讨。
The variation of inventory turnover ratio is the inventory turnover in days, the latter means the average days the inventory is sold out.
存货周转率的另外一个变异指标是存货周转天数，后者意味着存货在多少天里被销售出去。
When applied to the fusion of alternating polarization SAR images of urban terrain, it provides higher quality fusion results than fusion algorithms based on data variation, entropy or edge features, with lower mean absolute error and cross entropy as well as higher peak to peak signal to noise ratio and correlation coefficient.
该方法的基本原理是通过某些数学运算把原图像分解成多幅不同空间分辨率的子图像，并把高分辨率的子图像放在下层，把低分辨率的子图像放在上层，各层图像的分辨率从下到上，以2为因子递减而构成一个下大上小多幅不同分辨率图像组成的层次式数据结构。
The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns; 2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code`s requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section, oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme; 3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5, and the preliminary design method is suggested; 4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake; 5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably; 6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.
本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。
In the case of collectinf audit evidences by way of analytical review, the auditors shall compile a table of contrastive analysis, table of ratio analysis and a table of trend variations, analyze and state the abnormal variation items, important ratios or the discrepancies between the trend and the predicted amount or relevant information.
通过分析性复核方法收集审计证据的，应当编制对比分析表、比率分析表和趋势变动表，分析和说明异常变动项目、重要比率或者趋势与预期数额和相关信息的差异情况。
The body effect of PMOS transistors was used to do further temperature compensation. The power supply reject ratio was improved by adopting the cascode and feedback structure. The proposed design exploited the relationship among the threshold voltage, the electron's mobility and the MOS's source-drain current in the subthreshold regime to reduce the impact of process variation to the reference current.
利用PMOS管的体效应实现进一步的温度补偿；利用共源共栅和反馈结构有效地增加了基准电流源德电源抑制比；并利用当工艺发生偏差时CMOS管阈值电压、电子迁移率和亚阈值区MOS管漏源电流之间的关系，降低了工艺涨落对基准电流的影响。
The main architecture of the circuit adopts the unbalanced source-coupled pairs for rectifier, which shows a good performance in full-wave rectifying; A cascoded diode load gain cell is introduced for amplifier, which is not only suitable for low-voltage 1.8 V operation but also insensitive to process and thermal variation; A bootstrap MOS circuit is introduced for bias, which shows a good performance in power supply reject ratio.
核心电路采用非平衡源极耦合对结构作为整流器，具有良好的全波整流功能；放大器采用折叠式二极管负载结构，既适合低电源电压工作，又具有良好的工艺和温度稳定性；偏置电路采用自举基准源，具有良好的电源抑制比。
This paper has presented a new ffs structure which could decrease the defects ratio that caused by the process variation.
本文介绍一种新的ffs器件结构，能很大程度上降低由于制程偏移造成的显示不均。
A multi-detector, embedded-aperture interferometer configuration accompanies blind signal separation method was proposed could recover coupled 2-D subwavelength variation information of a rectangular aperture with far-field irradiance measurement with error ratio below 1%.
提出利用未知讯号分离的手法，利用多光侦测器及外加孔径干涉仪的架构，去回推孔径两个维度的次波长尺度动态变化，其精准度可到1%。
It is shown that Hodgson number can not be derived directly from the equation of p〓, but it can be expressed as a ratio of other two similarity criteria △p〓 and Q〓, namely, Ho=〓, while Hodgson number can be derived directly from the equation of △p〓 Hence, the problem concerning the derivation of Hodgson number that is ambiguous over a long time is clear now.(3) The basic equation and its dimensionless form of pressure variation in the elastic damping chamber are derived for the first time in this work.
2以p〓为压力的特征值和p〓=p/p〓为未知函数，或者以△p〓为压力特征值和△p〓=△p/△p〓为未知函数，按相似理论导出p〓或△p〓无量纲的基本方程后发现：从p〓出发不能直接导出Hodgson数，但它为所导出的二相似准则数之比，即Ho=△P/Q〓：从△p〓出发，可导出Hodgson数，从而解决了长期悬而不知的Hodgson数的来源问题。