Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly; (2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C; (3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best; (4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication; (5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.
通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。
Furthermore, the hybrid optimal strategy is introduced and improved: introducing sensitivity to guide the searching course, in order to reduce the blindness of search; coding based on range of value corresponding equipment operation, to avoid invalid search; adopting variable cross over and mutation rate, to adapt it to the requirement of the searching progress; making dynamic variation of searching population, to ensure the optimization quality while accelerate the searching course; adopting the membership degree of fuzzy logic to objective function, to take into account the load status and to realize the counter voltage adjustment.
采用的混合优化算法并进行了如下改进：引入灵敏度指导优化进程，减少搜索的盲目性；根据不同设备的调节范围，采用不同二进制长度进行编码，以减少无效搜索；采用可变交叉、变异率，以适应搜索进程的需要；种群大小根据搜索进程动态改变，在保证搜索质量的同时提高速度；在目标函数中引入模糊逻辑中的隶属度来计及负荷的轻重，以实现逆调压的目标等。
The effect of the variation of the load on area replacement ratio and deformation modulus in different depth was considered.
该方法适用于不同布桩方式下桩土应力比的求解，且能够反映桩、土体变形模量和面积置换率随加载而不断变化的特点。
As the requirement of energy-saving and indoor environment gets higher and higher, variable flow technology are widely used in heating and air conditioning systems, namely by changing power or resistance to adjust the flow of the system、subcircuit and terminal equipment so as to match usually mutative dynamic heat load variation.
摘要随着节能和室内环境要求的愈来愈高，供暖和空调系统广泛采用了变流量技术，即用改变动力或改变阻力的方式调节系统、支路以及末端设备的流量，使之与经常变化的动态热负荷相匹配。
If the load is dynamic, the variation principles of gear transmission error are analyzed.
对动载荷条件下齿轮传动误差的变化情况进行了分析。
The influence of local load on commutation capacity in inverters side is investigated, and the commutation current under load variation with different power factors is analyzed. It is mentioned that capacitor and static var compensator can increase short circuit current at converting branch.
该文探讨了地区负荷对逆变器换流容量的影响情况，在负荷幅值和功率因数变化的情况下，短路电流受到的影响，考虑了线间不对称短路的换相电流状态，提出电容补偿和静止无功补偿器可以改善系统短路容量的见解。
It can regulate aut-omatically the quantity and rotational speed of the water pump with the variation of the load.
本文介绍一种变频调速恒压供水系统，该系统能够根据运行负荷的变化自动调节供水系统水泵的数量和转速，使整个系统始终保持高效节能的最佳状态。
The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns; 2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code`s requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section, oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme; 3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5, and the preliminary design method is suggested; 4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake; 5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably; 6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.
本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。
The paper carried out many field test research including the passing components measurement, the test of load variation and excitation variation with different head, the frequency characteristic analysis of unit vibration, the influence supplying air to prototype`s stability and the analysis of the relationship between unit vibration and dam vibration.
本论文对电厂的真机做了多方面的试验研究，包括过流部件的实测；不同水头下的变负荷、变励磁试验研究；机组振动的频率特性分析；补气对真机稳定性的影响以及机组振动与大坝振动的之间的关系分析。
We applied this detection technique on a toggle journal bearing wear tester developed from the cooperation project between Kun Shan University and domestic PIM manufacturer. The life of lubricating grease is evaluated from fresh grease to be degraded under various operating speed and load by the variation of the ECR values. This grease life time will be used to be a very important reference on the grease change period of the toggle pin bearing. We also test the effect of different grease change quantities on the variation of ECR values.
运用这种技术，我们进一步将其应用於与业界合作开发的曲手轴磨耗试验机上，以不同的作动速度与最大负荷之下，来评估润滑脂在使用多少时间之后会渐渐劣化变质，并以此时间间隔作为自动给脂系统的给脂周期与给脂量的参考，本实验即是以现有的曲手轴磨耗试验机加装可调整给油时间与给油量的自动给油系统，以模拟射出机实际的给油情形，以及油膜变化的情形，将给油周期与给脂量由固定改为变动，较为实际的模拟射出机实际的出力状况。
The main architecture of the circuit adopts the unbalanced source-coupled pairs for rectifier, which shows a good performance in full-wave rectifying; A cascoded diode load gain cell is introduced for amplifier, which is not only suitable for low-voltage 1.8 V operation but also insensitive to process and thermal variation; A bootstrap MOS circuit is introduced for bias, which shows a good performance in power supply reject ratio.
核心电路采用非平衡源极耦合对结构作为整流器，具有良好的全波整流功能；放大器采用折叠式二极管负载结构，既适合低电源电压工作，又具有良好的工艺和温度稳定性；偏置电路采用自举基准源，具有良好的电源抑制比。
Simulation results show that the developed control method possesses better steady-state behavior and dynamic performance and strong adaptive capacity to reactive power variation of load.
结果表明，文中采用的控制方法具有较好的动态性能和稳态性能，对负载无功变化的适应能力强。
Learned from the experimental result, when the temperature of the in-flow cold water controlled at 7C, the air flow from this LTD-VAV FCU could be adjusted from 0.33 (700CFM) to 0.14 (300CFM) in a free rate. The variation rate of air conditioning capability is 84.8% from its maximal to the minimal. Meanwhile, the air conditioning capability is ranging between 5.26 kW and 0.8 kW. It indicates that the load of air conditioning system in the room is varying within this range. By managing capacity supply comply with workload control, the LTD-VAV FCU hence sustain the temperature in the room to a fine range. And the temperature difference between air outflow and inflow can be minimized to 3C.
经由实验结果得知，在冰水入水温度7 ℃时，本LTD-VAV FCU供风量可由0.33 (700CFM)至0.14 (300CFM)之间无段调变，最大空调能力至最小空调能力之空调能力变动率为84.8%，此时空调能力在5.26 kW至0.8 kW间变化，表示空调房其负荷在此范围内变动，LTD-VAV FCU皆能随空调负荷控制空调能力之供应，使空调房内温度维持於微小温度带内，而其供回风温度差最小可低至3℃左右。
By means of metallographic analysis, stereoscan photograph, energy spectrum analysis, the macroscope, microscopic fractography and metallographic structure of the typical crack has been analyzed to indicate the plate-hole crack property, the crack source, the crack propagation direction and the variation rule of the crack tip The analysis results have established a basis for further analyzing the cause and propagation law of the crack. Based on the standard of UIC510-5, the boundary condition under mechanical load has been determined. Applying friction power method, the heat input during braking has been determined.
基于UIC510-3标准，确定机械载荷下车轮的边界条件，通过摩擦功率法确定制动过程中的热量输入；采用有限元方法，分别对辐板孔边在机械载荷作用下的应力场、典型制动热负荷下的温度场及热应力场进行数值模拟，分析辐板孔偏向轮辋和踏面磨耗对温度场及应力场的影响，为进行辐板孔疲劳强度评定和寿命预测提供载荷条件。
Works on the bending roll system of four-roll rolling mill, the workroll shape variation caused by the force of bending roll and the contact stress between rolls was researched with the FEM software ANSYS, the maximum deformation of the work roll was calculated, and the curve of the gap adopting the Least-Squares method was fitted, which set the base of the further calculation of load-gap shape.
以四辊轧机的弯辊系统为研究对象，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究弯辊力和辊间接触应力引起工作辊形状的变化，计算工作辊弯曲的最大变形量，并用最小二乘法对辊缝曲线进行拟合，为进一步计算有载辊缝形状提供可靠的理论依据。
The result displays that generally speaking, the current working load of junior middle school teacher in charge of class in Shanghai is quite heavy but there are differences between the different population statistic variation.
分析表明，学生方面的因素、班级方面的因素、教学方面的因素、学校管理方面的因素和家长方面的因素是构成初中班主任工作负荷的主要因素。
D The load deflection graph shall be plotted from these values and shall show no appreciable variation from a straight line and the recovery shall be not less than 90 per cent of the maximum deflection.
d。负载偏转图应绘制这些价值观，并应表现出没有明显的变化由直线和恢复不得少于百分之九十的最大挠度 e。
The influence of the variation of tank's gravity centre during braking process on the brake performance of a tanker with partial load is studied in this paper.
本文研究液罐汽车在减载、直线制动行驶时，液体货物质心位置变化对制动性能的影响。
The variation between peak and off peak load of feeder will affect the capacity of DG allowed to connect to distribution system.
馈线尖载与轻载变化较小，则可容许并联之DG容量较大。
It also shows that the intermittent operation mode, which is based on the load characteristic of building and can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of operation time to stop time rationally, can slow down the variation rate of ground temperature and increase the heat transfer capacity per unit buried coil length, and thus can enhance utilization efficiency of shallow layer geothermal energy.
同时，根据建筑负荷特性，采用可控间断运行方式，通过合理调节开停机时间比例，可以在满足建筑负荷要求的前提下，减缓埋管周围土壤温度随时间的变化率，提高单位埋管的换热能力，从而更有利于提高浅层地热能的利用效率。