It is believed that in designing the secondary sedimentation tanks for extended aeration systems, in addition to the calculation on the basis of surface load, the factor of solid load also should be taken into consideration.
就活性污泥法在不同系统中二沉池的设计参数如何取值进行了探讨，认为在延时曝气系统的二沉池设计中除了根据表面负荷计算之外，还应考虑固体负荷这一因素。
It was pointed out that hardening holding time is an important factor in the course of forming hardened layer by plasma surface quenching which belongs to short time quenching.
等离子表面淬火硬化层的硬度分布，在某一区域内无明显的硬度梯度，这与常规淬火方法的结果不太一样。
The second main factor that influences heat loss is the amount of body surface that is exposed to the air.
第二个影响热量损耗的主要因素是暴露在空气中的人体表层面积的数量。
Microfriction is the key factor that effects movement of micromachine and performance hi MEMS, because of scale effect, surface effect and quanta effect of microcomponent. There is close correlation between movement of micromachine and surface topography of micromachine.
在微机电系统中，由于微构件的尺度效应、表面效应和量子效应，使得微观摩擦成为影响微机械运动及其性能的关键，是微机电系统研制中的关键基础问题，而微摩擦行为与表面形貌密切相关。
The APDL of the general purpose finite element software ANSYS is used in the preprocess part, which is mainly used for the meshing of the slope section so as to get the information on nodes coordinates, numbering of the nodes of each elements, and the degree of freedom of constraint nodes and so on. The VISUAL FORTRAN is used in the main part of the finite element reliability analysis program, which can carry out finite element analysis of slope stability based on two methods-one is the strength reduction method and the other is the slip surface stress analysis method. And then the factor of safety and its corresponding slip surface can be obtained. The main part of the program can also carry out finite element reliability analysis of slope stability based on the two methods mentioned above, and the reliability index and its corresponding slip surface can be gained. The MATLAB is used in the postprocess part for the drawing of different types of figures, such as meshes, contours, positions of slip surfaces and curves.
前处理部分采用的是有限元通用分析软件ANSYS的APDL语言，用其编写的程序模块可方便地用于有限元网格的划分，以得到有限元计算所需的结点坐标信息、单元结点编号信息、约束结点自由度信息等内容；有限元主程序采用的是VISUALFORTRAN语言，它可进行基于强度折减法及基于滑面应力分析法的边坡稳定定值法有限元计算，以求解边坡的安全系数及其对应的滑面位置；亦可进行基于强度折减法及基于滑面应力分析法的边坡稳定有限元可靠度计算，以求解边坡的可靠指标及其对应的滑面位置；后处理部分采用的是MATLAB语言，它可方便灵活地绘制网格图、等值线图、滑面位置图及曲线图等各种图形。
A large fraction of the cathodoluminescent can be directed through the untextured front surface of the crystal. An improvement in phosphor efficiency by a factor of 2.3 has been achieved.
在详细分析了这种理想发光模型之后，采用晶体的各向异性腐蚀工艺形成了具有近似这种结构的网状刻面屏，外发光效率提高到原来的2.3倍。
Considered the economical factor and in order to get technical affect as early as possible, the 4 injectors and 1 producer should be new wells. The producing thickness and the water cut of pilot field is high, surface condition is good.
聚合物驱先导性矿场试验区选择在油田南翼西部166井周围，目的层选为Ю-Ⅱ层；先导性矿场试验规模为4口注入井组成的5点法井网，应用可重复使用的可移动的撬装注采系统。
The pollution degree of Hg in different age surface soil in Cixi City of Zhejiang Province was evaluated by enrichment factor method.
采用富集因子法评价了浙江慈溪地区不同成土时间表层土壤元素Hg的污染程度。
CD30 positive Th2 lymph cells can promote two kinds immunity reaction by secrete IL-2 and so on, so the CD30 level can comprehansive reflect the recipients immunity state. The sCD30 molecule, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily was originally identifed as a cell surface antigen on Hodgkin's and Reed Sternberg cells and is preferentially expressed on human CD4+ and CD8+T cells that secrete Th2-type cytokines. No or low CD30 expression was found on Th1-type cytokine-secreting T cells. A soluble form of CD30(sCD30) is released into the bloodstream after activation of CD30+T cells. In diseases such as multiple sclerosis in which Th1-type immune responsese predominate, elevated sCD30 serum levels correlated with disease remission, In diseases in which Th2-type immune responses predominate, such as lupus erythematosus or atopic dermatitis, elevated serum sCD30 was associated with increased disease activity. Furthermore, increased serum sCD30 in the early stages of HIV infection predicted a rapid progress in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Mosmann等于1986年根据产生的细胞因子及其生物学功能的不同，将鼠的辅助性T细胞(helper T cell，Th)分为Th1细胞和Th2细胞，Th1细胞通过分泌干扰素—γ(interferon-γ，IFN-γ)、白细胞介素2(Interleukin 2，IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-β(tumor necrosis factorβ，TNF-β)促进细胞免疫，Th2细胞通过分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10、IL-13促进体液免疫。1991年Maggi等证实人的Th细胞同样划分为Th1细胞和Th2细胞，不同的是人Th1细胞和Th2细胞都可以产生IL-2；激活后的Th1细胞和Th2细胞分别表达不同的膜表面抗原，Th1细胞高表达淋巴细胞激活基因-3(LAG-3)及其编码蛋白，Th2细胞高表达CD30抗原，因此CD30抗原表达水平可反映Th2细胞的激活状态及其对免疫功能促进作用。
Our model is subdivided into three categories, each category suit the heat exchanger of deferent type: the furnace, convective surface and trisector air preheater, all these categories use clean factor as the indication of the soot desposition level.
首先介绍了锅炉灰污染危害的现状，对比研究了国内外的灰污染监测手段和监测模型，并针对北仑1#锅炉，建立了锅炉各受热面灰污染监测模型，这些监测模型分为炉膛、对流受热面、以及三分仓空预器三种类型，采用清洁因子作为受热面灰污染状况的指标。
It proves that additive can greatly improve the tribological performances of friction pairs by observing the variance of mating surface topograph, wear mass loss, friction factor and so on.
通过分析对摩表面的形貌特征、磨损量和摩擦因数等方面的变化，结果表明，抗磨添加剂能极大地改善机械系统的摩擦学性能。
Taking design of L375 piston configuration for example, it analyzes and calculates the construct value of each part on curved face under different pin bore configuration designs:(1) Pin bore theoretic diameter, (2)Equation of outer curved face of pin bore, (3)Equation of inner curved face of pin bore, (4)Stress distribution on pin bore surface, (5)Fatigue safety factor of each part on piston, etc.
本论文的主要内容如下：1、总结了活塞销孔结构以及销孔表面设计的基本规律，包括销孔的横向形线规律和纵向形线规律两个方面，并分析说明了销孔配合间隙的确定方法。2、分析了活塞的受力情况及销孔的机械变形和热变形情况，确定了销孔机械变形、热变形及综合变形的计算方法。
In animal experiment, I discuss the medicine effect mechanism of pure TCM medicine preparation, the granule of clearing the source and expectorant made under Piwei theory, in COPD attack stage of APHL and PFQS, from many aspects, many administrative level and many index. This medicine's effect was proved to include:(1) improve the whole situation of the APHL and GQLS model as reducing the symptom and decreaseing the loss of animal's weight, and so on; (2) anti-inflammation; It can reduce the increaseing of WBC, PMN, PM in alveolar perfusate caused by making model; (3) improve the histologic lesion: It can significantly improve the pathological appearance of bronchopneu- moplasia, and have down modulation effect of cell factor, so as to prevent inflamma- tional medium from release and synthesize, and damaged tissue can repair; (4) pre- vent and restrain the pathological increase of NO and lessen the cytotoxicity effect; (5) resist liposome peroxidation, regulate the balance of free radical; (6) restrain PMN-VEC cell surface adsorbent moledult from too high expression, prevent and refrain PMN conglutinate to VEC; (7) It can heighten the content of IL-2 in serum, reinforce body cellular immunity.
动物实验以多方面、多层次、多指标探讨了按脾胃理论制成的纯中药制剂-清源化痰颗粒剂治疗慢阻肺发作期痰热蕴肺、肺脾气虚证的药效机制，证实该药的作用包括：（1）改善模型的整体状况：减轻痰热蕴肺、肺脾气虚证证候及减少动物体重的下降等；（2）抗炎作用：能阻抑造模引起的肺泡灌洗液WBC、PMN、PM的异常升高；（3）改善组织损伤作用能明显改善支气管肺组织的病理形态，对细胞因子具有下向调节作用，从而抑制炎症介质的合成和释放，使受损的组织得以修复；（4）阻抑NO病理性升高，减轻细胞毒性作用；（5）抗脂质过氧化、调节氧化-抗氧化系统平衡；（6）抑制PMN-VEC细胞表面粘附分子-1（sICAM-1）的过高表达，从而阻抑PMN与VEC的粘附；（7）升高血清中IL-2含量，增强机体细胞免疫功能。
By adopting low temperature (00℃) plasma chemical vapor deposit technology, form a BN-SiN metal compound ceramics layer with two-way spreading micro-srystal and web structure on piston ring surface; improve ring surface hardness and wear resistance, lower friction factor, heat conduction factor improves by 42% in normal temperature and rising exponentially, thus lowers ring working temperature, decreases distortion, improves air-proof and as a result improves the overall performance of the engine.
利用低温(00℃)等离子化学气相沉技术，在活塞环表面生成一层双向扩散的微晶体与网状结构并存的氮化硼－氮化硅金属陶瓷复合层。金属陶瓷复合层能提高环的表面硬度、耐磨性，降低摩擦系数，常温下导热系数可提高42%，并随温度升高呈指数规律上升，从而降低环的工作温度，减少形变，提高气密性，改善内燃机整体性能。
The key techniques used in numerical simulation of the three-dimensional extrusion from dies such as decision of boundary conditions, creation of initial velocity field, selection of penalty factor, high Weissenberg number problem, regeneration of the free surface were studied in detail.
详细分析了聚合物口模挤出三维计算机模拟研究中的若干关键技术问题，如对异型材结构特点的分析、边界条件的确定、初始速度场的自动生成、罚数的求取、粘弹性流动模拟中的高We数问题、三维挤出胀大的自由界面更新等。
The liquating of crystal is useful to its shape and size and a thin layer of glass will bring about which is helpful to glaze gloss. Through cross experiment design, the reasonable range of oil-drop glaze chemical composition is studied and the limitation that single special clay is added to glaze batch is broken. It is proved that using ordinary ceramic raw materials to produce oil-drop glaze is feasible if the chemical composition of glaze is reasonable and the technology control is suitable. In addition, through the experiment it is found out that proper firing rule is the critical factor that affects the oil-drop glaze decorating effect. At the same time, other technological factors, for example, the thickness of glaze layer, glazing method, the size of glaze particle, which can affect the quality of glaze surface, must be considered.
晶体的适当熔解促使油滴形状圆整、尺寸大小适中，并在晶体表面形成一层玻璃相，有利于釉面光泽度的提高；通过正交试验方法探讨了油滴釉合理的化学组成范围，并突破了传统油滴釉制品及目前大多数仿制品采用单一特定天然釉土配料的局限，试验证明，只要化学组成合理，工艺控制适当，使用普通制瓷原料生产油滴釉制品是完全可行的；此外，本研究还发现，合理的烧成工艺控制是影响油滴釉装饰效果的关键性因素，同时还应注意釉层厚度、施釉方法、釉料研磨细度等其他工艺条件对釉面质量的影响。
Although polishing is one kind of fine intensive processing technology for the stone surface, after polishing the stone material surface presents one kind of bright and clean smoothness, but under certain enlargement factor, still could see some roughness, may distinguish scratch either micro crevasse or micro hollow.
尽管抛光是石材表面的一种精细深加工技术，经抛光后石材的表面呈现出一种光洁的平整度，但在一定的放大倍数下，仍旧能见到一些毛面，可分辨的划痕或微裂隙或微凹陷。
The main factor is the diffusion length of the precursors on the film surface, which has much influence on the microstructure and photo electronic properties of the fabricated films.
其原因是成膜先驱物在薄膜表面上的扩散长度对薄膜的微结构和光电性能起着决定性的影响。
METHODS: Bone marrow blood was drawn from pig ilium to separate karyocytes using density gradient centrifugation. Bone mesenchymal stem cells were amplified in DMEM culture media containing transforming growth factor-β; thereafter, the third-passage bone mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted on fibrin sponge, bioprotein sponge, and gelatin sponge using multipoint injection and surface drop methods. And then, the samples were in vitro cultured in DMEM culture media containing transforming growth factor-β.
抽取猪髂骨骨髓血，用密度梯度离心法分离出有核细胞，在含转化生长因子β1的DMEM培养液中扩增骨髓间充质干细胞，将第3代骨髓间充质干细胞以载体内多点注射和表面点滴法植于Ⅱ型纤维胶原蛋白海绵、生物蛋白海绵及明胶海绵3种载体上，继续以含有转化生长因子β1的DMEM培养液体外培养。
Ferrule of Optical Fiber Connector is a device used to connect two fibers, it is very important for connective precision, the surface topography and the geometrical parameters of the ferrule end-face are the key factor, which affecting the performance of connector and the stability of fiber optic system.
光纤连接器插针是用于耦合两个光纤的一种器件，它对于光纤连接精度有着非常重要的意义，光纤插针的端面形貌和几何参数是影响光纤连接器性能的根本因素，并最终影响到光纤系统的稳定性。