Nowadays social and some public in China inside is filled with the personal desires's inflation, then as for evolve to the situation that the utility stop at nothing and greedy occupy.
当今中国社会一些人心中充满私欲的膨胀，以至于演化到对功利不择手段并贪婪占有的地步。
This paper analyzes the public goods in the network service sharing bandwidth, shows that the leader-follower game between users and ISP both result in congestion, and then verifies the usage-based pricing is more adaptable to controling the congestion than flat-rate pricing. Thus under usage-based pricing, in the monopoly market the maximum social welfare can't be accomplished; competitions between ISPs bring the improvement of users'utility; while the price under which the maximum social welfare is accomplished is a shadow price.
本文分析了网络服务中带宽的类似公共产品使用和ISP与顾客间主从博弈，导致拥塞，接著证明基於流量的定价策略较之固定定价策略更能控制网络拥塞，随后在基於流量的定价策略下，分析了垄断的市场中社会总福利达不到最优，ISP间的竞争会增加顾客效用，最后指出社会总福利达到最优时的价格是一影子价格。
It distorts the essence of value and regards the marginal utility as the criterion of measuring value, garbles the relationships between value and price, conceals the contradiction between social productions and social consumptions which exists inherently in capitalist society. it is the ideology of the capitalist class.
西方价值论歪曲价值的本质，以边际效用作为衡量价值的标准，混淆价值与价格的关系，从根本上掩盖资本主义社会固有的生产和消费之间的矛盾，为资本主义制度辩护，反映了资产阶级意识形态。
To maximize the social welfare, the government will take into consider two effects of taxation when making tax policies. On the one hand, the imposition of tax will beget decline in the rate of return of capital, which is to retard the economic growth. On the other hand, the government will employ the revenue of tax to public expenditures, which is to add to the present utility of consumers at the expense of growth rate.
政府作为社会福利极大化者，他在制定税收政策的时候，要同时考虑税收对经济两方面的影响，一方面税率的增加会降低私人资本的回报率，从而导致私人储蓄率的减少，而使得整个经济的增长速度减缓；另一方面，税率的增加使得政府用于公共花费的支出增加，使得单期的社会福利增加。
The contributions are shown as follows: 1. The joint distribution of decision choice with both percieved and observed errors in utility function; 2. The Chain Logit discrete choice model; 3. The Estimation of customer satisfaction threshold for marketing; 4. The breakeven analysis model for social coorporation and self-supply production; 5. The entry and exit equilibrium models for enterprises; 6. The economy models in two regimes; 7. The competetion and coorporation in local competetion; 8. The satisfaction reliability.
首先是提出了在效用涵数存在主观观测误差及判断误差的联合条件下选择概率的表达式及分布规律；其次是建立了环状双选择的CHAIN LOGIT模型；然后是提出顾客满意阈值及市场营销策略的关系及模型，并给出了一种GIBBS估计方法；第四是构建了企业社会协作与小农生产方式转换的临界分析模型；第五是提出了企业进入及退出市场的企业类型及数量的均衡模型；第六是建了二元经济模型；第七是讨论了局部竞争条件下的竞争与合作问题；最后是提出了一个供给系统满足有效需求的可靠性概念。
In this thesis, according to the analysis of successful marketization operation experience of public utility and compare with other gradually reform successful in lamp trade, combined with characteristics, function and actual of Shanghai public lamp trade, a reform model which is suitable for this international metropol is put forward, and then discussing the steps of this mode to meet the needs of social development.
本文也通过分析探讨其他一些公用事业行业市场化的运作的成功经验借鉴，以及路灯行业内其他已逐步实现市场化运作的单位进行比较分析，并结合上海公共路灯行业的自身特点、职能及现状提出适合上海这个国际大都市的改革模式，并且论述了构建的步骤，以适应社会发展的需要。
New common rightism is a right utility theory that satisfies the reasonable personal utility needs and the reasonable social needs at the same time.
新公权主义是一种在满足合理的社会功利需求的同时，满足正当的个人功利需求的权力功利理论。
New common rightism is a right utility theory th at s at isfies the reasonable personal utility needs and the reasonable social needs at the same time.
摘要新公权主义是一种在满足合理的社会功利需求的同时，满足正当的个人功利需求的权力功利理论。
In this paper, the social economic model is built by using expected utility theory to handle the uncertainty, random utility theory to handle the location choice action, general equilibrium model to handle effect on society caused by anti-disaster investment.
为此，本文用期望效用理论把握不确定性，用随机效用理论把握土地选择行为，用一般均衡理论把握防灾投资对社会的波及效果，构筑了社会经济学模型。
Parents first have to assess the toy against six criteria: its usefulness when playing alone; playing with others; whether it fosters creativity; its value promoting social interaction; its general utility and finally whether it can be handed down to siblings.
其中，Pi代表该玩具在孩子独自玩耍时的有用程度；Po为与他人一起玩耍时的有用程度；Cr是玩具对创造力的启发程度；S代表玩具对社交能力的开发；U为实用性；H为玩具是否可以传给其他兄弟姐妹们玩；T为预计孩子定期玩玩具的时间；L代表孩子被该玩具吸引的总共时长；C代表玩具价格。
The social psychological concepts of motivation, information processing, formation and change of attitude, impression, promise, cognitive dissonance, regret, social relation, value, and culture are intrinsic parts of economic behaviors, while economic concepts of value, utility, choice, propriety right, sunk cost, opportunity cost, trade, life quality, and game theory are all psychological in nature.
社会心理学中有关人类的动机、信息加工、态度的形成和变化、印象、承诺、认知不协调、后悔、社会关系、价值观和文化等，都与人的经济行为密不可分；而经济学中有关价值、效用、选择、产权、沉没成本、机会成本、贸易、生活质量、博弈理论等概念，在本质上都是心理现象。
A statesman, in estimating the marginal utility of any form of public expenditure, tries to find an objective standard of public welfare, or social advantage.
一个政治家，在估计边际效用的任何形式的公共开支，试图找到一个客观的标准的公共福利，或社会的优势。
The twenty-first deals with the accuracy of measuring instruments for the disputes arising from, the state apparatus measuring baseline measurement standards or social utility of the data subject to verification apparatus.
第二十一条处理因计量器具准确度所引起的纠纷，以国家计量基准器具或者社会公用计量标准器具检定的数据为准。
Utilitarianism declares that the public policy must stick to the utility principle, one of the happiness for the overwhelming majority of the people; Nozic contends that justice is the sense of justice and the public policy must keep this principle; Jhon Rawls embarks from the social cooperation idea, he insists that the formulation of public policy must conform with two principles which are promoted from the distant place state, while Amarty Sen embarks from the free development idea who insists that the ethics criterion of public policy is the basic capability equal principle; Ronand Dworkin believes that the formulation of the public policy must conform with the resource equal principle, because the market is not equal.
功利主义者认为公共政策应当坚持功利原则，也就是最大多数人幸福原则；诺齐克则坚持认为正义就是正义的持有，公共政策应当坚持这一原则；罗尔斯从社会合作理念出发，坚持认为公共政策制定必须合乎从远处状态推出的两个正义原则；阿马蒂亚森从自由的发展理念出发，坚持认为公共政策的伦理标准是基本能力平等原则；德沃金从接受市场的不平等出发，认为公共政策制定必须坚持资源平等原则。
Only after converted into experience can knowledge yield social value and utility.
只有当知识转化成经验时才能产生社会价值和社会效用。
It expresses the aesthetic implications of the sense of fear, threaten and dread with the social utility.
除了表现在造型文化中外，还在体饰、图腾、面具、傩仪、傩舞等形式中表现出来。
The decision variables of model are total sell or buy output and branch power. The model realizes social utility maximization, and takes the net loss cost and network security into account, then uses interior point method to solve.
模型以发电权总出让出力、总受让出力和支路有功功率为决策变量，在保证网络安全的前提下，实现了计及网损成本的社会效益最大化，并采用内点法进行求解。
This paper explains the positive impact of agribusiness development on income distribution based on the Structural Growth theory with Non-Homothetic Utility, and the Social Accounting Matrix theory with industrial linkage and households'heterogeneity.
本文从基于非位似效用函数的结构增长理论和包含产业关联与居民异质性的社会核算矩阵理论，在理论上阐述了涉农产业发展对缩小居民收入差距的积极作用。
The features of positive tropism are that the degree of patriotic feeling, sense of social responsibility and political identity is high, and it is full of desires and hopes for future. The features of negative tropism are complex diversity, indifference, de-politicized and secular utility.
正向特征主要体现为爱国情感与社会责任感强、政治认同程度较高、对未来充满渴望与希翼；负向性特征主要体现为复杂且多元化、淡漠且去政治化，世俗且功利化。
Our empirical study on the effect and influence of social capital upon university graduates employment behavior concluded that different possession amount of social capital has different possession of graduate sources and utility;
通过社会资本对高校毕业生就业行为的作用和影响的实证分析可得出以下结论：不同的社会资本拥有量对高校毕业生就业资源的获取与利用不同；