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In order to systematically analyse the major driving mechanisms of the turbulence in plasmas, the instability driven by ion temperature gradient, mass flow shear, parallel to the magnetic field, and the impurity ion density gradient in plasmas with multiple ion species is studied in a sheared slab magnetic configuration.
为综合分析影响磁约束等离子体不稳定性的重要因素，研究了磁剪切平板模型下，同时具有杂质离子及平行流速剪切效应的离子温度梯度不稳定性的准线性流体理论。
Result Asymmetric inlet velocity profile deflexion could increase the area of low shear stress and the gradient of shear stress.
结论不对称入口速度剖面可能是诱发动脉粥样硬化发生的一个危险因子。
Alfven waves propagating in the low-latitude ionosphere exhibit particular characteristics.〖JP〗Firstly, sharp Alfven wave velocity gradient in the low-latitude ionosphere introduces ionospheric Alfven resonator. Secondly, shear Alfven waves can propagate over a long distance at the latitude direction due to the small magnetic inclination angle, and the propagation properties of Alfven waves can be affected by the ionospheric parameters at different latitudes. Thirdly, the low-latitude magnetic field lines are oblique to the ionosphere which is horizontally isotropic.
Alfven波在低纬地区电离层的传播有其特殊性，一方面，低纬地区同样存在Alfven速度梯度的巨大变化，导致电离层Alfven谐振器(Ionospheric Alfven resonator，IAR)的形成；另一方面，由于在低纬地区磁倾角很小，所以剪切Alfven波在传播的过程中纬度方向跨度很大，不同纬度电离层参数将共同对其产生影响；并且，由于电离层水平分层，故磁力线与电离层不正交。
The? B drift effects are taken into account to maintain pressure equilibrium for highβplasmas. Such factors as the ion temperature gradient, electron temperature gradient, mass flow parallel velocity shear, parallel current and perpendicular flow shear are included in this model. Full kinetic effects, including finite Larmor radius effect, particle-wave interaction, transit effect, are considered both for ions and electrons.
模型中不仅包含了离子温度梯度，电子温度梯度，质量流平行速度剪切，垂直速度剪切和平行电流等因素，而且完整地包含了有限拉莫尔半径效应，波-粒子相互作用，粒子的热传递效应等电子和离子的低频动理学行为。
More about an atmospheric vortex theorem is demonstrated. The shear of potential tem perature leads to a vortex movement or sundry circumfluence movement and the velocity vorticity equals to the vector product of velocity and potential temperature gradient.
进而证明大气涡旋定理，位温的切变将导致涡旋运动或各种环流运动，速度涡度等于速度同位温相对梯度的矢积。
Influences of a plasma layer on vessel wall shear stress and wall shear stress gradient
血浆层对血管壁剪应力和剪应力梯度的影响
Based upon the gradient-dependent plasticity, a model of size effect of the inclination angle of the shear band was put forward. The theoretical result compares well with experimental results.
建立了准脆性材料试件剪切带倾角尺度效应模型，得到了剪切带倾角尺度效应的解析解，且与实验结果比较相符。
The result showed that the distributing of temperature is not uniform during equal channel angular pressing, there exists obvious temperature gradient and the tempera-ture increased significantly in the mold Angle shear part.
研究结果表明，等通道挤压过程中试件温度分布不均匀，在模具转角剪切部位温度显著升高，且存在明显的温度梯度。
A blood viscosity " Quality Control Substance " was studied for 3 years continuously for the apparent viscosity values, the curve gradient of viscosity versus shear rate, Casson yield stress and Casson viscosity, we found that above parameters decrease according to time going on.
对于一种血液粘度质控物进行了连续3年的表观粘度、剪切稀化曲线陡度、卡松屈服应力和卡松粘度的观察，发现该物质随着时间的进程上述参数逐年变低；
Meantime, the shear stress is now caused by the radial velocity gradient as well as the axial velocity gradient, although the contribution to the wall shear stress along the flow directoin of the radial one is relatively small.
同时，切应力也不再仅由轴向流速梯度提供，径向流速梯度也将产生切应力，但是在计算管壁切向上的切应力时，径向流速梯度的贡献仍相当小。
The method can also be applied to analyze the shear stress of some other special structures such as high gradient base film composite matrix.
计算结果较好的反映了含裂粘补结构胶层剪应力的实际变化趋势，该方法同样可应用于其他结构如高梯度基膜复合材料剪应力的计算。
Relative shear displacement along shear band depends on shear stress level and shear band thickness described by gradient-dependent plasticity.
剪切带的相对塑性剪切位移与应力水平及剪切带宽度有关，剪切带宽度由梯度塑性理论确定。
Moderate Earthquakes occurred in the research zone were mainly located at the high-low stress transition region and the region with high shear stress and high shear stress gradient.
研究区的中强地震主要发生在高、低应力值的过渡区，剪应力的高值区或是剪应力的相对高梯度带。
In this paper a formula of the turbulent diffusivity tensor is derived, then the homogeneous isotropic turbulence, the homogeneous shear turbulence with a mean velocity gradient, the turbulent flux in a circle tube and in two-dimension plane jet are analysed and the results are satisfactory.
本文推出一个张量形式的输运系数计算公式，并用它分析均匀各向同性湍流、有应变率的均匀剪切流、管内流动和二维平面射流中的热通量问题，均获得了满意的结果。
By the deformation mechanism of asphalt concrete and finite element calculation, the asphalt pavement maximum shear stress of the overload, temperature, horizontal force, vertical gradient was analyzed.
通过沥青混合料的变形机理研究与有限元计算，分析了重载、温度、水平力、纵坡度对沥青路面结构最大剪应力的影响。
Effects of impurity on parallel velocity shear and ion temperature gradient instabilities in plasmas
杂质对等离子体平行速度剪切及离子温度梯度不稳定性的影响
Based on gradient-dependent plasticity in which the thickness of shear band is determined by characteristic length of rock, analytical solutions of dissipated energies in axial and lateral directions of rock specimens in uniaxial compression are derived, respectively.
根据梯度塑性理论，局部化带的尺寸由特征长度确定，得到了单轴压缩岩样由于剪切局部化而引起的轴向及侧向塑性变形所耗散能量的解析解。
During the initial loading period, there is a small zone where the gradient is initially negative and then become positive in the volume strain-time curve, it is proved that the shear contraction (shear dilatation) of the sand.
在加载初期，体积应变随时间的关系曲线上都有一小段斜率变小的阶段，然后又逐渐增大，证实了砂土的剪胀（剪缩）性。
Numerical examples are presented to investigate the influence of the shear modulus gradient and permeability coefficient on the results.
最后通过数值算例研究了地基的非均质性和渗透性对基础扭转特性的影响。