英语释义
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v. i. & auxiliary. To owe; to be under obligation for.
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v. i. & auxiliary. To be obliged; must.
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v. i. & auxiliary. As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or
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necessity whose obligation is derived from the person speaking; as, you
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shall go; he shall go; that is, I order or promise your going. It thus
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ordinarily expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a
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threat, or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is
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made more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It is
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also employed in the language of prophecy; as, "the day shall come when
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. . . , " since a promise or threat and an authoritative prophecy
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nearly coincide in significance. In shall with the first person, the
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necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing elsewhere than
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in the speaker; as, I shall suffer; we shall see; and there is always a
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less distinct and positive assertion of his volition than is indicated
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by will. "I shall go" implies nearly a simple futurity; more exactly, a
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foretelling or an expectation of my going, in which, naturally enough,
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a certain degree of plan or intention may be included; emphasize the
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shall, and the event is described as certain to occur, and the
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expression approximates in meaning to our emphatic "I will go." In a
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question, the relation of speaker and source of obligation is of course
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transferred to the person addressed; as, "Shall you go?" (answer, "I
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shall go"); "Shall he go?" i. e., "Do you require or promise his
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going?" (answer, "He shall go".) The same relation is transferred to
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either second or third person in such phrases as "You say, or think,
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you shall go;" "He says, or thinks, he shall go." After a conditional
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conjunction (as if, whether) shall is used in all persons to express
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futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he shall say they are right. Should
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is everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as shall,
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as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or moral obligation; as, he
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should do it whether he will or not. In the early English, and hence in
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our English Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the
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persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. Will, v. t.) Shall may be
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used elliptically; thus, with an adverb or other word expressive of
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motion go may be omitted.