With increase of laser energy density, the coating formed Al_3Ti phase firstly, and AlTi phase secondly. The final products were coexistent AlTi and AlTi3. At the end of this paper, the transformation of product was forecasted by Miedema model.(4) The mixture powder with the atom percentage Al-40at.
随着能量密度的升高熔覆层先生成Al_3Ti相，然后是AlTi相，最终产物是AlTi、AlTi3两相共存，在文章最后用Miedema模型从理论上对这种产物的变化进行了解释。
The abraded substrate surface were studied by AFM, and it was concluded that the high density damaged sites were the major reason for observed high density diamond nucleation. However, remained diamond powder fragments might also be important.
用原子力显微镜对研磨损伤表面进行的研究表明，得到高密度形核的主要原因为表面的高密度损伤，但研磨过程中残留于衬底表面的籽晶对高密度形核也具有重要意义。
Comparing the property of Fe-N powder material with that of iron base material, the density was tested by drownproofing, the microhardness were tested by HRD-1000TM hardness device, the wearing test for specimens was conducted in a interual M-2000 device, the corrosion resistance was conducted in SO_2Y/Q250 experiment box, and the magnetic property of Fe-N powder material was weasured by SQUID method.
实验结果表明，Fe-N粉的主要成分为Fe_3N，而烧结Fe-N粉末冶金材料主要成分为纯Fe和一定量的γ'-Fe_4N，这说明烧结过程中存在脱氮现象。通过对比分析发现，Fe-N粉末冶金材料的密度为5.26×10~3kg／m~3，低于购买的铁基粉末冶金材料的密度(6.79×10~3kg／m~3)，硬度却达到了HV_(0.05)371.5，是铁基粉末冶金材料的1.4～1.9倍，同时耐磨性能提高了5.5倍。
Results show that warm compaction can improve the green density and strength of 316L powder greatly and improve its sintered density and tensile strength as well.
研究表明：粉末冶金不锈钢材料的密度对其耐腐蚀性和力学性能有很大的影响，不锈钢材料几乎所有的性能都随着密度的增大而提高[1，2]。
Create PS plate is poor reasons are good business card printing and membership card production plant business card printing and membership card making conditions differ, such as: escaped (in front of the exposure of the appearing before the density of positive film; overtrement; inadequate treatment of development; used pharmaceutical attachthemselves PS detergents use powerful printing plate cleaner and drum cleaning agent; business card printing and membership card making excessive pressure; paper powder much, and so on can cause a decline in plates.
变成PS版耐印辛不对的来因有好多，各制卡和会员卡制作厂的制卡和会员卡制作后提各有不对异，如：跑平；不阴图软片的稠量不敷；显影功分；丹方附着；用PS版纯洗剂洋搁置强辛的印版纯洗剂和滚筒纯洗剂；制卡和会员卡制作不张辛功不小；纸粉多等等都不定变成耐印辛的回升。
Carbon fiber medium copper graphite composites with various carbon fiber contents were prepared by means of powder metallurgy. The dry friction tests of the composites under no current or current density of 20 A/cm 2 were conducted for 50 h under sliding velocity of 15 m/s and load of 4.9 N.
对采用粉末冶金法制备的含不同质量分数的碳纤维－中铜－石墨复合材料，在滑动速度为15m／s，载荷4.9N的条件下，分别进行了50h的不通电和通电干摩擦试验，并用扫描电镜对其磨损表面进行了观察分析。
An oxide coating is formed on the surface of the aluminum powder after the surface passivation treatment, so as to efficiently avoid the formation of leakage conductance due to mutual contact between eclectically-conducting additives and thereby to reduce the dielectric loss of the material. The composite material has high dielectric constant, low density and good flexibility. The production method of the composite material has the advantages of simple and controllable process, low hot-pressing temperature, energy conservation and environmental protection.
铝粉经过钝化处理，表面形成一层氧化物包覆层，有效地避免了导电添料因相互接触而形成漏电导，降低了材料的介电损耗；复合材料介电常数高，密度低，加工简单，并具有良好的柔韧性；复合材料的制备方法工艺易控简单、热压温度低、节能环保。
On the basis of optimizing parameters, the relative density of Cu/nano-Al2O3p with norminal content of 10% Al2O3 can reach 94% via conventional powder metallurgy.
在优化各影响因素的情况下，对Al2O3含量为10%的化学镀铜粉末采用常规粉末冶金工艺得到了相对致密度达94%的试样。
This course covers the following topics: X-ray diffraction: symmetry, space groups, geometry of diffraction, structure factors, phase problem, direct methods, Patterson methods, electron density maps, structure refinement, how to grow good crystals, powder methods, limits of X-ray diffraction methods, and structure data bases.
这门课程主要包括以下主题：X射线衍射：对称性，空间群，衍射的几何问题，结构因子，衍射相位问题，直接方法，帕特森方法，电子密度图，精细结构，如何生长出优质晶体，X射线衍射的粉末方法，在极端条件下X衍射以及关于结构数据库。
The results showed that the heat of synthesis reaction is affected by Al content, heat rate, powder size, compacts density and so on.
结果表明化合反应是一种放热反应，放热量受Al含量、加热速度、粉末颗粒尺寸、压制密度等因素的影响。
Is to add vitamin D3, greatly improve the calcium absorption rate, its main components for oyster shell powder, soya bean oil, coconut oil, vitamin D3, to prevent osteoporosis, improve bone density, bone reproduction youth.
是添加维他命D3，大大提高了钙的吸收率，它主要成分为生蚝壳粉，大豆油，椰子油，维生素D3，可防止骨质疏松，提高骨质密度，再现骨骼青春。
The powder injection molding material is superior to conventional powder metallurgy method such as excellent mechanical strength, higher density and better surface finish.
粉末注射成形材料在機械性能、密度及表面粗糙度都比一般粉末冶金材料為好。
Three lubricants, ethylene bis-stearamide, zinc stearate, and Kenolube, which is a mixture of the former two components, are the most popular ones used in pressing metal powders. The effect of these lubricants on powder properties, such as flow rate and apparent density, and on the compacting performance, such as green density, green strength, and ejection force, are quite different But, little systematic studies on the advantage and disadvantage of each lubricant are available. The first part of this study was thus to investigate the effect of lubricant on the powder properties.
目前国内粉末冶金工业中最常用的润滑剂有白腊、硬脂酸锌及二者之混合物，这些润滑剂对於金属粉末之流动性、视密度等粉末特性以及生胚密度、生胚强度、压缩性、脱模力等成形特性，甚至烧结后之尺寸稳定性皆有其不同之影响，但这方面之完整报告仍不多见，因此本研究乃针对这些润滑剂之优缺点作一有系统之探讨，在第一部分中将著重在粉末之视密度、流动性及胚体重量之稳定性方面，而第二部分中将著重在成形方面，如生胚密度、生胚强度、成形性、脱模力。
Solid powder was adopted as unconditional seeding to study the flow characteristics of global field and atomized silicon oil droplets were used as conditional seeding to study the flow characteristics of reactants only. The measurement result of unconditional seeding, which does not distinguish the velocity of reactants or that of products, shows that in reacting zone, the measured velocity had a probability density function of two-peak distribution. The result tentatively demonstrates that in combusiton zone, the laser probe was alternatively subjected to low-speed reactants and high-speed products, due to flame flickering. The compounded measured velocities enlarges the span of velocity PDF and leads to a high turbulence. The measurement with conditional seeding, which limits the result to only those of reactants, shows no apparent difference between in flame zone and far upstream zone, in terms of mean velocity, turbulence and velocity PDF. The result affirmed the conclusion that the peak-turbulence in reacting zone is due to flame flikering.
采用雾化硅油只对反应物流场进行示踪，结果表明，脉动的、皱褶的预混火焰锋面对反应物流场性质并没有大的改变，在反应区内来流仍然保持原有的管流特征；采用耐高温固体粉末对全流场进行示踪，结果表明在火焰区内速度的概率密度分布为双峰分布，其中速度较低的峰的中心速度与硅油示踪得到的平均速度一致；火焰区湍流度的增大主要是由于测量探头交替地处于高速的产物和低速的反应物之间，导致速度测值分散所致，得到的仅仅是统计意义上的结果，为表观湍流度。
The reasons causing safety fault to the igniter with the method were analysized as the non-uniform density of delay powder, the sticking of protechnic charge to the internal wall of delay tube and the failure of alarm device, etc. The corresponding solution was established at end.
用此方法对某点火具的安全失效进行了分析，找到了其安全失效原因为延期药密度不均、延期管内壁粘烟火药和报警装置误报，据此制定了相应的解决措施，分析结果与实际吻合较好。
By adopting powder materials compacting pressed-forming process. Through which the required anger or thickness or shape of tiles are achieved, which are smooth in surface, precise in dimensions with high inner density and strength.
采用干粉料模压成型工艺，以先进的技术及独特的设计，出色地解决了旧式压机布料不均匀问题造成的砖坯缺陷与新式压机布料系统及模具配置成本高昂之间的矛盾。
3 Whole set of industrialization technology of producing atomized copper powder with low apparent density and high strength.
提供低松装密度高强度雾化铜粉，高品质铜锡10粉及雾化制粉工业化生产技术。
The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young's modulus(P＞0.05), while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group, the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day; 7 days after being co-cultured, the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05), while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks; this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks, nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder, while the hole shadow was easy to be found; in 8 weeks, all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups. Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group, while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly. The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis, and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit's bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted. At 24 weeks after operation, bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area, while lower in control group, and turned up nonunion in blank group; The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8, 16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group, with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel's blue/Van Geison's picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group, and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week; Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery, while slow down at 16 week.
纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel's blue/Van Geison's picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快
Low density silicon nitride with about 55% porosity and globed macropores was prepared by reaction-bonded raw silicon powder and adding 30% in mass pore-forming agent of benzoic acid ball-like particles.
以硅粉为原料，添加质量分数为30%的成孔剂球形颗粒，反应烧结制备了气孔率为55%，具有球形宏观孔的低密度多孔氮化硅陶瓷。
Plasma-jet surface metallurgy is a kind of rapid, non-equilibrium metallurgical process, which is similar to powder metallurgy. The process can not be restricted by consistency, melting point, density of constituents, so prealloy powders are not needed. And it can obtain some special structures and phases in random powder and random match.
等离子束表面冶金是一种快速非平衡冶金反应过程，类似粉末冶金，原则上可不受组成物的相溶性、熔点、密度等性质的限制，因此不需要预制合金雾化粉，可利用任意粉末的任意配比，获得通常冶金方法不能得到的物相。