The application results from fluorination showed microwave heating could accelerate chemical reactions markedly. The reaction time could be shortened 50% at least than that of conventional heating. The relationship between fluorinating agents'structure and their activity was studied systematically. In addition, an anhydrous KF with higher activity was prepared by using expansion effect of microwave heating. As we known, solvents were very important to reaction. The comprehensive study showed some less polar aromatic solvents could be used as dipolar solvents. In addition, they had better effect than dipolar solvents in some occasions, such as fluorination of chlorobenzaldehydes and chlorinated diphenyl ketones etc. The primary applications of ionic liquids were also studied which indicated reactions with ionic liquids as solvents were more efficient and simple.
研究表明，微波是一种节能高效的加热方式，在微波作用下的卤素交换氟化反应具有反应速度快、转化率高、选择性好的优点，其反应时间可较常规加热缩短50%以上；同时也系统地研究了氟化剂种类及制备方式对其反应活性的影响，并利用微波加热的膨化作用制备出了一种活性较高的KF，其活性与喷雾干燥KF相差不大；溶剂对反应具有重要的作用，在此系统地研究了强极性非质子溶剂和中等极性非质子溶剂的应用情况，发现一些中等极性的非质子溶剂如硝基芳烃和氯代芳烃类溶剂在氯代苯甲醛类化合物的氟化反应中具有比强极性非质子溶剂更好的使用效果。
In certain embodiments, the reaction mixture in the providing step comprises at least two molar equivalents or greater of the total amount of polar monomer with respect to one molar equivalent of multivalent cation.
在某些实施方案中，对于1摩尔当量的多价阳离子，提供步骤的反应混合物包含至少2摩尔当量或更多的极性单体总量。
The content of macromolecular was analyzed through the experiments of different reaction temperatures, living polymer's staying times, polar additives and monomer concentrations.
以正丁基锂为引发剂，合成丁苯阴离子聚合物，通过对不同的反应温度、活性聚合物停留时间、极性添加剂及单体浓度的试验，分析其中大分子的含量。
The results showed the efficiency of flame-retardant of MMT was better than that of Al 3/Mg 2 flame-retardant system and did not damage the mechanical properties of PP. In the in-situ reaction, the double bond of reactive monomer was grafted to PP macromolecular chain and the polar functional groups reacted with montm...
结果表明：MMT的阻燃效果比Al 3 /Mg 2 复合阻燃体系好，且不降低PP的力学性能；在原位反应时，反应性单体的双键部分接枝到PP主链上，同时极性基团部分与MMT发生相互作用，形成插层结构，层间距离由 1 17nm增加到 1 3 2nm ，MMT与PP间显示出良好的界面粘合形态，但MMT主要以 2 0 0～ 3 0 0nm的初级粒子分散于PP中，只有少量是以纳米尺寸的插层结构存在
The process comprises the steps of: dissolving the polymer provided with polar groups and metal-sol into the dissolvent; under the condition of agitating, refluxing 24~48 hours, make the chelate reaction occurred between the polymer provided with polar groups and the metal-sol; under vacuum conditions, removing the dissolvant, cleaning, drying the product and acquire the said polymeric matrix antistatic agent.
制备时，先将带极性基团的聚合物与金属溶胶溶于溶剂中；在搅拌条件下，回流24～48小时，使金属溶胶和带极性基团的聚合物发生配合反应；再在真空条件下，将溶剂除去，所得产物用水洗净，干燥，即制得聚合物基抗静电剂。
The calculations also show that the effect of solvent increases the activation energy, and the reaction becomes even harder in polar solvent.
计算结果也表明：溶剂效应使叠氮酸与取代炔胺的1，3环加成反应的活化能垒增加，在极性溶剂下，该反应变得难进行。
It was attributed to the formation of a boundary lubricant film well-bonded on the rubbing steel surface by way of adsorption and tribochemical reaction under heavy load, owing to the polar-group of molecular adsorbed onto the metal surface, and the hydrophobic long chain alkyl formed the absorbed film.
这可能是由于N-油酰基谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐中的极性基团吸附在钢球表面、长碳链疏水性烃基在金属表面形成较厚的保护膜、在较高载荷条件下发生化学反应并形成高强度摩擦化学反应膜的缘故。
The results show that PESEKK prepared by low temperature polycondensation reaction is half-crystallinity polymer, and the amorphous portion is soluble to the highly polar solvents, such as DCE; half-crystallinity polymer quenched after fusion becomes amorphous; legging after fusion can't improve the crystallinity of the polymer, but the amorphous portion is oriented and thus there is strong peaks at 4000cm^(-1)~1700cm^(-1) region in FT-IR spectrum; the polymer extracted by DCE for 2 h exhibites higher crystallinity.
研究表明，低温溶液缩聚得到的PESEKK为半结晶聚合物，其非晶部分较易溶于二氯乙烷等强极性有机溶剂；半结晶聚合物熔融冷却过程中很难再结晶；半结晶聚合物熔融淬冷，转变为无定型聚合物；熔融拉丝取向，也不能促使其结晶，但非晶链段被取向使IR分析4000cm^(-1)~1700cm^(-1)出现强烈倍频吸收峰；用DCE处理半结晶聚合物得到结晶度更高的聚合物样品。
Strong polar solvents and non polar solvents are notfavourable for this type of reaction.
溶剂在双环戊二烯和降冰片烯的开环移位聚合反应扮演着非常重要的角色。
Excessive anisole is used instead of the classical polar solvent, which leads to clean reaction, simple operation and easy after-treatment.
反应中过量的苯甲醚可充当溶剂，替代传统的极性溶剂，使反应操作简单、工艺清洁，易于后处理。
Solvent effect on the Diels-Alder reaction was analyzed with four different kinds of solvents: benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, toluent and decalin. The results show that the rate of the Diels-Alder reaction increased in more polar solvents and stereoselectivity of TCPD decreased.
在模拟计算基础之上，选择苯甲醇、环己酮、甲苯及十氢萘四种溶剂进行Diels-Alder反应的溶剂效应研究，考察温度、压力变化对反应速度、产物立体选择性的影响。
At that moment, little Polar Bear had no reaction at all.
第一时间，小北极熊一点反应都没有。
It is shown that the electrophic substitution of benzene ring is favored in more polar solvents and for compounds with strong electron-donating groups. Otherwise, the free radical reaction in the a-site was favorable.
随反应溶剂极性的增强，芳环上亲电取代产物的比例增加；随芳环上取代基的推电子能力的增大，亲电取代反应的优势愈加明显；相反，则有利于α-位上的游离基取代。
The process of this reaction probably relates to three variable parameters, and they refer to the direct current polar potential, the absorption of the Hb, and the statistic equal thickness of the membrane.
该电极反应体系的EIS很可能涉及到三个状态变量，它们分别是直流极化电势、血红蛋白吸附表面覆盖度和修饰膜的统计平均厚度，最佳等效电路码为C R
For arginine, the yield was improved to nearly 80% by using weakly polar solvent such as DCM and simultaneously increasing the reaction time to 20 h in the method of acyl chloride.
在酰氯法中，对于精氨酸，选择弱极法溶剂如DCM，延长反应时间至20h，连接效率接近80%。
Before fertilization, the nuclei of egg and central cell do not show Feulgen-positive particles, but show methyl green positive particles, and the nucleoli of egg nucleus and two polar nuclei show intensely positive pyronin reaction.
受精前，卵核和极核内均无孚尔根正反应颗粒，但都有甲基绿正反应的颗粒；它们的核仁均呈极强的派洛宁反应。
The experiments have studied the factors affecting electro-coagulation reactor system on the effectiveness, including retention time (reaction time), electric current, polar plate spacing, concentration of Cl-and organic substance content in the influent etc.
实验对电凝聚反应器的各种影响因素进行了研究，包括停留时间（反应时间）、电流密度、极板间距、进水中Cl-浓度以及进水有机物浓度等。
Aim To separate and determine the less polar compound in the epoxide-opening reaction with the amine.
目的探讨芳氧基环氧丙烷与胺发生开环、胺解时生成的低极性化合物的结构。
The melting graft reaction between maleic anhydride (MAH) and polyethylene wax (PEW) was studied, and polar group was added to the chain of PEW successfully.
研究了聚乙烯蜡（PEW）与马来酸酐（MAH）熔融接枝反应，在PEW分子链上引入了极性基团。
The melt grafting reaction of ethylene-propylene-hexene copolymer (KN) with maleic anhydride (MAH) and was made on twin-screw extrude, and polar group was introduced to the chain of the copolymer successfully.
在双螺杆挤出机上进行了乙烯-丙烯-己烯共聚物（KN）与马来酸酐（MAH）熔融接枝反应，在共聚物的分子链上引入了极性基团。