Secondly, a kind of multi-agent based combat model is proposed. A kind of framework of the multi-agent based combat model is proposed, which is composed of the combat environment model, combat agent, and combat model parameters. A kind of the combat environment model is proposed, in which the combat space and the combat environment parameters are defined to describe the spacial traits of the combat units and combat environment, and the influence of those combat environment factors on the action of the combat units. A kind of combat agent model is proposed, which is composed of properties and behaviour model. The spacial properties, physical properties and quality properties are defined to describe the abilities and state of combat units. The behaviour models of reconnaissance, maneuverability, attack, communication and adaption are established to describe the interaction between combat units. And several meta rules of those action are given. A kind of knowledge representation based method is proposed to give a formalization description to the combat enity model, which makes it more convenient to translate the combat agent from the concept model to the simulation model. The modeling process of the multi-agent based combat model is discussed, and the main task of every step is ascertained. A kind of simulation strategy is proposed, which gives the combat agents a random sequence at every simulation step, to dispose those concurrent events with single processor and single thread.
其中：提出了一种基于多智能体的作战模型框架，在该框架下，作战模型由作战环境模型、作战智能体模型和作战模型参数三部分构成；提出了一种作战环境模型，定义了作战空间和作战环境参数，描述作战单元、作战环境的空间特性和作战环境因素对作战单元作战行为的影响；提出了一种作战智能体模型，它由属性和行为模型两部分构成，定义了作战智能体的空间属性、物理属性和品质属性，用以描述作战单元的各种行为能力和状态，分别建立了作战智能体的侦察、机动、攻击、通信、适应性行为模型和上述行为规则的元规则，用以描述作战单元之间的交互作用关系；提出了一种基于知识表示方法的作战智能体模型形式化描述方法，使得作战智能体模型能够以一种便于从概念模型向仿真模型转化的方式进行表达；研究了基于多智能体的作战模型的建模工作流程，确定了各个步骤中的主要工作；提出了一种基于多智能体的作战仿真策略，采用作战智能体反复随机排序的方法，解决单处理器、单线程条件下，事件的并发问题。
On the basis of analyzing and studying on the former test results of hoist load of reverse tainter valve which is the main type of valves for navigation locks, a large scale (1:16) physical model for YinPan lock culvert valve has been built. Through the steady and unsteady flow experiments, structure of the acting flow on the valve has...更多been observed and analyzed in detail. It has been found that the valve's net hydrodynamic hoist load can be composed of two parts, one is the acting force result from water in culvert and the other result from the descending and rising flow in valve well. Furtherly the formula of the net hydrodynamic hoist load has been put forward by theoretic analysis, and the calculation results has been proved to be agreed well with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the net hydrodynamic hoist load and their changing laws have been further studied. The further research direction is also been pointed out.
在大量分析研究前人有关船闸主要门型—反向弧形门启闭力试验成果的基础上，建立了大比尺的输水阀门物理模型，通过恒定流和非恒定流试验，对作用在阀门上的水流结构形态进行了详细的观察和分析，认为阀门的净动水启闭力构成可以分为两大部分，即廊道水流对门体的作用力和门井下降或上升水流的作用力，并通过理论分析得到了由这两部分作用力构成的净动水启闭力计算公式，与试验结果吻合较好，同时还对影响阀门净动水启闭力的各种因素及其变化规律进行了进一步探讨，并指出了需深入研究的方向。
The in-situ reaction method is studied to synthesize the reinforcements. The composites reinforced with 10-100nm AlTi phases or 10 microns Mg2Si phase are fabricated successfully, in which the reinforcements disperse homogenously as well as the volume percentages and sizes of the particles can be controlled. Based on the computer simulation, the behavior of the melt and the reinforcements involved in it are researched systematically in the electromagnetic field. The physical mechanism and principles of the nonmetallic particles movement in the metal liquid are established and the physical model and dynastic functions are obtained. The influences of the processing parameters on the reinforcement's distribution are studied. The main parameters such as melt temperature, imposing time, imposing type and frequency of the EM are optimized. The results of the simulation and mathematic analysis are validated by the experiments.
研究了以原位方应方式形成自生增强体的获得与控制方法，成功制备了10-100纳米的铝钛相与10微米以上的Mg2Si相等多种增强体大小、含量均可控制的自生复合材料，并优化了其均匀分布的工艺条件；从计算机数值模拟入手，研究电磁场作用下熔体与其中自生增强颗粒的行为特性，揭示了电磁场作用条件下非金属增强体颗粒在金属熔体中的运动的物理机制和基本规律，建立了相关的动力学模型和运动方程；探索了不同工艺条件对增强体梯度分布的影响规律，优化并确定了包括熔体温度、作用时间与电磁作用方式、频率等在内的重要工艺参数，并通过试验验证了相关的数值计算与近似数学分析结果。
Specifically, the main contributions are as follows: First, in view of the features associated with products and devices in the industrial process, changes based on the product status will inevitably lead to some changes in the physical quantity and geometric theory. We utilize the product physical quantity and geometric changes to detect devices status and the hidden fault, and construct an device-oriented and process-oriented integration product state evaluation model. And then we use the statistical process control theory and the dual membership matrix to propose a process-oriented product and device condition detection method. By establishing examples with the lens production device manufacturing process, the effectiveness and feasibility of the method is validated.
主要工作包括：针对流程工业生产过程中产品与设备关系的特性，基于设备状态的变化必然会导致过程产品某些物理量和几何量变化的原理，提出了利用过程产品物理量和几何量变化信息检测设备状态和潜伏故障的方法，构建了面向设备及其过程产品的一体化状态检测模型；以统计过程控制理论为基础，给出了基于双隶属度矩阵的面向过程产品的设备状态检测方法；通过在梯度折射率透镜生产中过程设备的应用实例，例证了方法的可行性与算法的有效性。
In this thesis, a mathematical model of multi-path channel is established by using the theory of ray acoustic to simplify the physical of underwater sound channel.
本文利用射线声学的方法，简化了水下声信道的物理问题，构造出一种多途信道的数学模型。
Based on the unsteady hydrodynamic lubrication theory and its corresponding mathematical and physical methods, the basic model of unsteady lubrication of work interfaces during strip rolling was established.
基于非稳态流体动力润滑理论和相应的数学物理方法，建立了板带轧制时工作界面非稳态润滑基本模型。通过入口区的分析，确定了入口油膜厚度。
In this thesis, two different types of coat hanger die was proposed for the extrusion foaming process with a physical blowing agent. A flow model of two-dimensional control volume method was utilized to simulate the non- isothermal and non-Newtonian flow behavior in a coat-hanger die used for the extrusion foaming process.
本研究针对押出物发泡制程提出两种同型式的衣架型模头，并采用二维控制体积法之流动模式去模拟非等温、非牛顿型体於两种物发泡衣架型模具内之动。
The research works included the development of mathematical models for the direct prediction of shear viscosity of a molten polymer containing a dissolved gas and of the critical pressure under a certain temperature and solubility of gas in the melt. Based on this prediction, the aforementioned control volume method is then used to establish the flow model of a coat hanger die. In addition, a Taguchi method was coordinated to establish a software for the analysis and optimal design of a coat-hanger die for the foam extrusion which requires a high foaming ratio with a physical blowing agent.
其中包括以学模式直接预测含有溶解气体但发泡的胶其剪黏η，及在某温及某气体溶解下之发泡临界压值，并以此为依据，用上述控制体积法搭配田口法，建胶在模头内之动模式，成功地建供以使用物发泡剂做为高发泡倍用之一套衣架型模具设计及分析软体，以对模具几何形状进最佳化设计。
CA is a kind of mathematical model which discretizes the space and the time of a physical system completely.
细胞自动机是物理系统的空间和时间离散的一类数学模型。
This theoretically-focused paper starts from the background of the industrial heritageand the theoretical foundation of protection study of the industrial heritage, and thenanalyzes the value composition of the industrial heritage to put forward that protectingthe value of technology is essential for protecting the industrial heritage. Theevaluation system and protection evaluation system of the industrial heritage can beestablished accordingly. On this basis and from the perspective of methodology, thispaper analyzes the model and method to protect the value of technology. It points outthat the method is to protect the physical objects and media which carry the value oftechnology instead of protecting the void value of technology itself, providing amethodological thinking for the protection of value of technology. To enhance thefeasibility of protection system of the industrial heritage, this paper specially analyzesthe decision-making system of industrial heritage protection and the relationships ofall stakeholders in this system, in order to meet the demands of all parties concernedin a possible way and to set up an effective decision-making system combiningtop-down and bottom-up formats with a clear objective. This paper connects everychapter organically and lays focuses on different case examples, and in the last section specifies the entire process of a case analysis to prove the feasibility of the protectionsystem of the industrial heritage.
论文侧重理论研究，从工业遗产的产生背景和工业遗产保护研究的理论基础着手，分析工业遗产的价值构成，明确提出工业遗产保护的核心在于技术价值的保护，从而建立工业遗产价值评价和保护评价体系；在此基础上从方法论的角度对工业遗产技术价值保护的模式和方法进行论述，指出保护的方法就是将保护技术价值这个虚体转化为保护承载技术价值的物理对象和媒体介质，从方法论上给出了技术价值保护的思路；为了增强工业遗产保护体系的现实性，本文还特别研究分析了工业遗产保护的决策体系和该体系中各利益相关者的关系，以求能够尽可能满足各方的利益诉求，形成目标明确的自上而下与自下而上结合的有效的决策体系；贯穿全文各章的相互联系又各有侧重的实例分析，以及最后特别独立成章的对一个案例的完整的全流程分析，则作为工业遗产保护体系的可操作性的印证。
Based on the physical and mechanical behaviors of localized failures in geomaterials and engineering structures, and in combination with the state task of localized failure analyses of large arch dams, the elasto-plastic bifurcation model is developed and a strain gradient enhanced damage localization bifurcation model is presented in the dissertation. The model is applied to the localization analyses of two-dimensional problems and the case study of Ertan arch dam. The achieved conclusions provide new approaches to failure analyses of materials and designs of high arch dams.
中文题名岩土工程稳定破坏的应变梯度损伤局部化分岔模型及应用副题名外文题名 Strain gradient enhanced damage localization bifurcation model for geotechnical engineering stability and failure and its applications 论文作者赵吉东导师张楚汉周维垣教授学科专业水工结构工程研究领域研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位清华大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数162页关键词岩土工程稳定性局部化分岔应变梯度损伤模型拱坝馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TU45 /16 本文针对岩土工程材料及结构在局部化破坏中的物理力学特性，结合国家高拱坝建设中的局部化破坏稳定分析任务，发展了已有的弹塑性分岔模型，建立应变梯度损伤局部化分岔模型，对局部化问题进行理论研究和数值模拟，并应用于二维问题以及二滩拱坝三维非线性有限元超载局部化破坏分析中，为工程材料和结构破坏分析设计提供了新的方法。
This paper presents a simple physical model of change of mass density for calculating the diffraction intensity of multilayer, which is proved by the experiments of the small angle X-ray diffraction.
提出了这种膜系内密度变化的简单物理模型，通过理论衍射强度计算和小角X衍射实验证明这种模型是合理的。
The physical meaning of error model is very explicit. And the dimension of it is easy to be augmented or reduced according to the need of simulation study or engineering application. Then the algorithm of SINS in high dynamic circumstance is deeply investigated in order to provide the high-precision velocity error between the telemetric velocity and tracking velocity as the observation of the SINS guidance instrument error model. The scrolling compensation in position solution, sculling compensation in velocity solution and the coning compensation in attitude solution are emphasized so that the algorithmic error is decreased.
该模型物理意义明确，可根据仿真研究和工程应用的需要进行扩充或简化处理；其次，为了提供高精度的遥、外测速度差数据以作为捷联制导工具误差模型估计的观测量，本文结合载体具有高动态、高过载的飞行特性，深入研究了高动态环境下的捷联导航算法，重点考虑位置解算中的涡卷效应补偿算法、速度解算中的划桨效应补偿算法和姿态解算中的圆锥效应补偿算法，从而大大减小了捷联导航算法误差。
This study provides a teaching process model of general physical experiment which combines exploring inquiry with peer instruction and instant discussion.
本研究提出以探索提问与同侪讨论结合IRS的普物实验教学流程模式。
The relationship formula of parameter coefficient in Westly experimental calculation and charge physicalchemical properties from simplifying model's parameter formula are also derived; by further deiving parameter formala, physical significance of analogue number in analogue method can be reflected more specifically and exactly.
通过对该模型参数表达式的简化，从而得出威斯特里经验计算法中电炉参数系数与炉料物理化学性能的关系式；通过对模型参数表达式的进一步推导，即可比较具体、准确地反应出工艺相似法中相似数的物理意义。
Chemical properties from simplifying model's parameter formula are also derived; by further deiving parameter formala, physical significance of analogue number in analogue method can be reflected more specifically and exactly. the directive function of the smelting model in the production is also introduced.
通过对该模型参数表达式的简化，从而得出威斯特里经验计算法中电炉参数系数与炉料物理化学性能的关系式；通过对模型参数表达式的进一步推导，即可比较具体、准确地反应出工艺相似法中相似数的物理意义。文中还介绍了该熔炼模型在实际生产中的指导作用。
The relationship formula of parameter coefficient in Westly experimental calculation and charge physical? chemical properties from simplifying model's parameter formula are also derived; by further deiving parameter formala, physical significance of analogue number in analogue method can be reflected more specifically and exactly.
通过对该模型参数表达式的简化，从而得出威斯特里经验计算法中电炉参数系数与炉料物理化学性能的关系式；通过对模型参数表达式的进一步推导，即可比较具体、准确地反应出工艺相似法中相似数的物理意义。
The relationship formula of parameter coefficient in Westly experimental calculation and charge physical? 瞔hemical properties from simplifying model's parameter formula are also derived; by further deiving parameter formala, physical significance of analogue number in analogue method can be reflected more specifically and exactly.
通过对该模型参数表达式的简化，从而得出威斯特里经验计算法中电炉参数系数与炉料物理化学性能的关系式；通过对模型参数表达式的进一步推导，即可比较具体、准确地反应出工艺相似法中相似数的物理意义。
Several international popular codes, such as WIMS-D/4, SIXTUS-2/3 and CITATION, used in cell and core diffusion calculation, are used for the physical calculation and in-core fuel management of uranium zirconium hydride reactor. The code package HEX-ICFM is encoded for the in-core fuel management. These codes are firstly used for calculations of TRIGA reactor in our country. Finally, the orthogonal design model and the program HEX-ORTH is firstly developed for the optimization of refueling loading pattern for the uranium zirconium hydride reactor. The results of the optimization of refueling loading pattern of Xi'an pulsed reactor is satisfied.
另外，开发了国际通用的栅元参数计算程序WIMS-D／4和堆芯扩散计算六角形节块程序SIXTUS-2／3以及差分程序CITATION等，并编制了堆芯燃料管理计算程序HEX-ICFM，在国内首次将它们用于铀氢锆堆物理计算；最后应用正交试验设计方法首次建立了铀氢锆堆堆芯换料方案优化计算的正交设计模型，编制了相应的计算程序HEX-ORTH，对西安脉冲堆换料方案进行了优化设计，取得了良好的效果。
Research showed that, crack emerge and stress will up to resist-pull limit when moisture gradsinside about 6～7.5%/mm during absorption of rice kernel. In order to offer reference data to ricestoring, moisture content bound of storing safety was found under different surrounding relativehumidity. Combined the experiment research results of mechanical physical property arid moisturetransfer property, humid stress crack emerging mechanism were discussed under normaltemperature, humidity field, and stress field analyzed theoretically and triangle unit analyzed byfinite element. Ellipsoid finite element entity model set up by use of constants such as elasticmodulus, possion ratio, humid linear expansion coefficient, moisture diffusion coefficient acquiredrice physical parameters in humid stress field.
将稻米机械物理特性与水分传递特性试验研究结果相结合，探讨常温下稻米籽粒湿应力裂纹产生的机理，分别作了稻米籽粒内湿度场的理论分析及三角形单元的有限元分析，采用试验所获得的弹性模量、泊松比、湿线膨胀系数、水分扩散系数等稻米籽粒材料湿应力场的物理参数为实常数、并建立椭球形稻米籽粒有限元实体模型、以环境湿度及稻米初始含水率为边界条件、初始条件，采用ANSYS大型通用有限元分析软件，进行了稻米籽粒湿度场的有限元数值模拟分析，并将湿度场的有限元模拟结果作为湿度载荷施加到有限元椭球模型上，进行稻米籽粒的湿应力场的有限元模拟，获得了与稻米应力裂纹动态产生观察位置相近的结果，给出了稻米籽粒在吸湿时籽粒内部的湿应力—应变场的分布情况。