The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.
在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。
In contrast to the results from the equilibrium computations, the non-equilibrium effects has great influence on flow velocity at outlet, outlet flow angle, outlet wetness, enthalpy drop of stage, reaction degree, and so on.
在此基础上，对某工业汽轮机低压级的前两级内湿蒸汽自发凝结流动进行了数值模拟，详细分析了三维复杂级环境下湿蒸汽自发凝结流动的流动过程和流动特征，并与平衡态计算结果作了比较，分析了非平衡效应对出口绝对速度、气流角、湿度、速比、级焓降以及反动度等参数的影响。
2The laws of the effects of the outlet angle on the performance of the theoretically pump are analyzed by considering the effects of viscosity on all kinds of energy losses in the impeller and the volute casing. It comes out that the theoretical results are perfectly coincident with the result of the experiments.
通过考虑粘度对叶轮和蜗壳内各种能量损失的影响，从理论上分析了出口角对泵的性能影响规律，其结果与实验法有良好的一致性。
The angle between toggle plate and moving jaw decreases when moving jaw moves down, the moving jaw moves away from fixed jaw by the pulling of rod and spring, the products such as stone after crushing will be discharged from the outlet.
之间的夹角肘板和动颚降低移动下巴动作下来，移动下巴远离固定下颚的拉棒和春天，产品，如石头粉碎后，将由出口。
The influence of such geometric parameters of the impeller as blade number and outlet blade angle on the performance of a centrifugal pump is investigated by test.
试验研究了以叶片数及叶片出口角为代表的叶轮几何参数对离心泵输送粘性油性能的影响。
Finally we discuss the comparability in pump design, we can change the inlet angle and outlet angle of the blade so as to improve the performance of the pump without changing the chamber.
然后我们回答了粘性设计下相似律的问题，粘性条件下的相似规律可以使我们在不改变泵壳条件下，通过改变叶片的进出口角就获得满意效果。
Test shows that the degree of influence of blade number and outlet blade angle on pump performance changes with the variation of the ranges of viscosities of the oil pumped.
试验表明，叶片数与叶片出口角对离心泵性能的影响程度随输送油品粘度范围的不同而改变。
The low specific speed centrifugal oil pump 65Y60 is used as the model pump, which is widely utilized in oilfields and refineries in China. The effects of the outlet angle of blade on the performance in different viscosity have been systematically investigated. Further more, the outlet angle has been optimized.
本文以油田和炼油厂常用的65Y60型低比转速离心油泵为研究对象，系统地研究了不同粘度下出口角对性能的影响，并对出口角对性能的影响进行了理论研究和优化设计。
The external characteristics of the impeller with different blade numbers and outlet blade angles in transferring oil of different viscosities are determined on the test stand, and the degrees of influence of blade number and outlet blade angle on pump performance in transferring media with different viscosities are compared.
在离心泵试验台架上，测量了输送不同粘度油品时不同叶片数及叶片出口角叶轮的外特性；对比了在泵送不同粘度介质时叶片数及叶片出口角对离心泵性能的影响程度。
Variable-pitch inducers can be mounted in front of impeller inlet to improve the anti-cavitation properties of centrifugal pump. The inducer is designed with variable-pitch structure, with smaller inlet blade angle to obtain smaller import flow coefficient, and with greater outlet blade angle to generate enough head to meet the requirements of cavitation in the inducer and the inlet pressure performance in centrifugal impeller.
为了提高离心泵的抗汽蚀性能，在离心泵叶轮入口处配置变螺距诱导轮，诱导轮设计为变螺距结构，以较小的叶片入口角获得较小的进口流量系数，以较大的叶片出口角产生足够的扬程，满足诱导轮本身的汽蚀性能要求以及离心叶轮入口压力性能的要求。
Basing on a great deal of calculation, study how the pump structure parameters influence the performance curve of mixedflow pump, such as the adjustment of the blade inlet and outlet angle、the magnitudeof the inlet edge curvatureand the cutting off of the blade outside diameter; simulate the flow field with fluentsoftware, get the lift and other parameters from calculating result, thus draw theQ-H curve.
在大量的算例的基础上，研究泵结构参数如叶片进出口角的调整、进口边的曲率大小、叶轮外径的斜切对混流泵性能曲线的影响，并且引用fluent软件进行流场的模拟，利用模拟结果得到泵的扬程以及其它相关参数，从而绘制Q-H曲线。
With the auto-gun of electric DC wire controlled and powerful pump KSP1000. It has 50L/s outlet, mixed liquid 48L/s, Max range: Water ≥65m, float ≥60m. Fire fighter can adjust any water outlet angle by control button max upper and lower angle range from -36° to +90°; horizontal rotary angle from 0° to 180°fire fighter can operate any fire operation inside vehicle, to avoid man hurting for second time explosion, or building damages.
采用美国大力公司生产的24V直流有线电控自动炮和KSP1000强力水泵，出水量50L/s，混合液流量48L/s，最大射程：水≥65m，泡沫≥60m，战斗员在驾驶室内通过控制钮随意调整出水角度，最大俯仰角度：-36°～+90°，水平旋转角度：0°～ 180°，实现了战斗员在驾驶室内完成各种灭火及救援操作，避免了二次爆炸、建筑物倒塌等意外情况对救援人员造成的伤害。
Geometric model of double cavity jaw crushers was established. Virtual model of the movement mechanism-crank and rocker mechanism and left-right broken cavities were simplied properly based on dynamical analysis software of ADAMS. Simulation study on kinematics characteristics of this mechanism was stated such as transmission angle of connecting rod and horizon and vertical displace of inlet and outlet of two broken cavities. Kinetics characteristics was also simulated such as velocity and acceleration of mobile jaw barycenter and vibrant force of rack.
在动力学仿真软件ADAMS环境下对双腔式破碎机的几何模型进行了适当的简化，建立了它的传动机构－曲柄摇杆机构以及左、右两破碎腔的虚拟模型，并对破碎机连杆传动角和两破碎腔进、排料口水平、垂直位移等运动学特性以及动颚重心速度、加速度和机架所受的摆动力等动力学特性进行了仿真研究。
The rationality of selecting different type of cement kiln dust chamber fixed in inlet and outlet based on its invest, running cost, adaptability on pollution control, stability, dust removal rate, abnormal discharge, discharge volume, air environmental capacity, environmental quality standard and climate condition on the angle of environmental impact.
从水泥窑大气污染物对环境影响的角度，分析了新型干法水泥回转窑窑尾和窑头除尘器选型的合理性，包括投资、运行成本、对污染物治理和工况的适应性、操作和维修性能、可靠性、稳定性、除尘效率以及非正常排放、污染物排放量、大气环境容量、环境质量标准、气候条件等对环境的影响程度。
Centrifugal energy saving analysis and measures: 1 improve the efficiency of centrifugal pumps a first step, in the selection of comparison, when many suppliers Selection program, in considering the cost-effective choice as far as possible under the premise of efficient programs; the second step, accredited professionals must Mill producers, affecting the pump efficiency of the key components such as impellers, pump body, pump cover, diversion devices, such as the manufacture of quality producers, especially for the airfoil impeller, outlet angle, leaves the sub-degrees, the shape of flow channel, to control the quality of finish, etc., so that products are delivered in the current production under the conditions of highly efficient products; the third step, the scene in the production of installation and debugging process, pump to ensure a solid foundation, with the driving machine for good, before and after valve flexible piping layout design is reasonable, on-site control is feasible and safe, the complete and accurate monitoring instrumentation to ensure that pump operation can carry out real-time monitoring; fourth step, are at long-term operation of water pumps necessary to pay attention to the equipment inspection and found anomalies reflect real-time reporting, in the normal minor repairs, overhaul cycle, to deal with the replacement of wearing parts inspection to ensure the pump's long-term safe and efficient operation.
第一步，在选型时多比较各供应商的选型方案，在考虑性价比的前提下尽量选用效率高的方案；第二步，派驻一定的专业人员驻厂监制，对影响水泵效率的关键零部件如叶轮、泵体、泵盖、导流器等的制造质量进行监制，尤其对叶轮的翼形、出水角、叶片的分度、流道的形状、光洁度等质量进行控制，使交付的产品是在当前的生产条件下的高效率的产品；第三步，在生产现场的安装调试过程中，要保证泵的基础牢靠，与驱动机对中良好，前后阀门开关灵活，管道布置设计合理，现场控制安全可行，各运行监控仪表齐全准确，保证泵的运行过程能够进行实时监控；第四步，是在水泵的长期运行中要注意对设备的点检，发现异常情况即时反映汇报，在正常的小修、大修周期中，应对各易损件进行检查更换，保证泵的长期高效安全的运行。
Then, the method to estimate cavitation erosion characteristic of high pressure piston plunger pump by analyzing impingement angle on outlet of throttling groove is put forward. That is, to hold the impingement angle range of 30°～60°as appraisal criterion of cavitation erosion characteristic on high pressure hydraulic plunger pump.4 The throttling characteristic of hydraulic control valve is studied by CFD calculation and experiment.
最后，提出了一个通过分析节流槽出口处的射流方向来评价高压轴向柱塞空蚀特性的空蚀评价方法，即将节流槽出口的射流角范围30°～60°作为评价高压轴向柱塞泵空蚀特性的标准。4对液压控制阀的节流特性进行了CFD数值计算和试验研究。
This article attempts from a comprehensive angle to regard the lowliest place elimination series, and system's outlet discussed the view regarding this.
本文试图从一个较全面的角度看待末位淘汰制，并对此制度的出路谈了看法。
When the viscosity is less than 100×10-6m2/s, the delivery capacity of the pump can be effectively improved by increasing the outlet blade angle; when high viscosity oil is transferred, impeller with less blades should be adopted.
分析可知，输送油品运动粘度低于100×10-6m2/s时，增大叶片出口角，能有效提高泵的输送能力；输送高粘油时，宜采用少叶片数叶轮。
The influence of nozzle outlet angle on the fluid flow and free surface oscillation in the mould was analyzed.
分析研究了不同侧孔倾角对对称多侧孔水口浇注大方坯结晶器内流场及自由液面波动的影响规律。
At the same time, the effect of the structure size of burner upon CWS atomization was studied. The structure size of the burner was confirmed by optimization test, and the best atomization effect of the burner was obtained. The influence of the structure size of the burner on atomization effect was confirmed. A new multi-inlet CWS gasifier was developed independently. The effect of different furnace side burner inlet height and angle upon flow field distribution was analyzed by means of numerical simulation, and different kind of flow field distribution and particle concentration of gasification furnace was obtained. Consequently, the best kind burner and furnace structure was confirmed. Furthermore, cold test of above factors on flow field, particle concentration distribution, and pressure distribution was done. Because the numerical simulation is in agreement with the test result, the feasibility of numerical simulation replacing experiment investigation was confirmed. The numerical simulation on gasification process of industrial furnace is applied, and industrial furnace site test was finished too. The result of numerical simulation agrees well with the test result. Accordingly, the reliability and superiority of numerical simulation method was proved. Hot numerical simulation of CWS gasification process on the new furnace was finished using above method. The influences on gasification process and the content of the outlet gas were confirmed by different O2 coal ratio, slurry concentration, gasification pressure, burner inlet angel, different ratio of coal slurry and oxygen. And the distribution of the temperature, the velocity, the pressure, and the concentration distribution of CO, CO2, H2, H2O, CH4, O2 in the furnace were obtained. In addition, the content of the outlet gas was obtained also. These not only provided theory foundation and guidance for design and operation of gasifier, but also a set of complete numerical simulation method for design and reform of gasifier. Numerical simulation of gasification process on coke CWS, oil CWS was finished using above method, which provided theory foundation and guidance for gasification of different raw materials, and a set of simple method for design and development of gasifier of different raw material.
利用实验室现有的设备和技术结合其他形式水煤浆喷嘴的优点，开发了三通道多级内混撞击式水煤浆气化喷嘴，并进行了大量的试验，对喷嘴内各部件结构尺寸对雾化的影响展开了研究，通过优化选择确定了各部件的结构尺寸，得到了最佳雾化效果的水煤浆气化喷嘴，确定了喷嘴内各部件结构尺寸对雾化的影响规律；在导师的指导和帮助下开发了新型多入口水煤浆气化炉，并利用数值模拟计算方法对不同炉侧喷嘴入口高度、不同炉侧喷嘴入口角度等因素对气化炉内流畅分布的影响进行了冷态数值模拟，得到了不同形式的气化炉内流场分布、颗粒浓度分布等，确定了最佳形式的喷嘴与气化炉结构配置方式，同时对上述因素对气化炉内流场分布、颗粒浓度分布、压力分布等进行了冷态试验研究，得到的结果与数值模拟计算结果吻合良好，确定了数值模拟计算代替试验研究的可行性；利用数值模拟计算方法对现场工业炉气化过程进行了数值模拟计算，并进行了现场工业炉试验测试，数值模拟计算方法得到的结果和试验测试结果吻合很好，证实了该数值模拟计算方法的可靠性和优越性；利用上述方法对新型多喷嘴入口水煤浆气化炉进行了热态水煤浆气化过程的数值模拟，确定了不同氧煤比、煤浆浓度、气化压力、炉侧喷嘴入口角以及各喷嘴不同煤浆量和氧气量的配比对气化过程和出口煤气成分的影响规律，得到了不同影响因素下气化炉内的温度分布、速度分布、压力分布、CO、CO_2、H_2、H_2O、CH_4、O_2等的浓度分布规律，同时得到了出口煤气组成，为今后气化炉的设计和运行提供了理论依据和指导，并且为气化炉的开发设计和改造提供了一套完整的数值模拟计算方法；进一步运用该方法对焦水煤浆、油水煤浆在该气化炉内的气化过程进行了数值模拟，为今后不同原料的气化提供了理论依据和指导，为不同原料气化炉的开发和设计提供了一套可行的简便方法。