Based on the damage characters of rail tread oblique crack and the relation between wheel-rail contact force and oblique crack, the reappearance test of rail oblique crack was carried on using JD-1 wheel/rail simulation facility. PD3 rail material was used in the simulation test.
摘 要：根据钢轨踏面斜裂纹的损伤特点和轮轨力与斜裂纹关系分析设计试验方案，在西南交通大学 JD-1 轮轨模拟试验机上，对广深高速铁路铺设的 PD3 热轧钢轨材料进行了斜裂纹损伤再现试验。
Horizontal force is the reason for horizontal crown fracture, while vertical force is liable to oblique root fracture and labial alveolar bone fracture.
研究结果发现，牙齿的阻尼比为14.6 %，当结构阻尼系数变大时，应力有下降趋势且其最大值延后产生；就撞击力的方向而言，垂直向下的力量较垂直向上的力量更容易产生应力集中现象，同时发现水平分量是导致牙冠水平断裂的原因，而垂直分量则易导致牙根斜向断裂与唇侧齿槽骨断裂，当角度由垂直向牙根尖方向且与水平齿槽骨夹77.5度以及垂直向牙冠方向且与水平齿槽骨夹70.9度时，破裂线的延伸是由施力点附近向牙冠切缘处方向进行，而超过此角度时，破裂线是由牙冠切缘处向施力点附近方向延伸；在撞击角度水平向下10.1度或水平向上13.8度时，牙齿的断裂型态则由倾向於唇侧牙冠断裂转变为倾向於牙冠水平断裂。
The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns; 2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code`s requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section, oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme; 3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5, and the preliminary design method is suggested; 4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake; 5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably; 6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.
本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。
The anteromedial drawer test, performed by flexing the knee approximately 90° while externally rotating the foot 10° to 15° and applying an anteromedial rotational force to the knee, should also be done to determine if there is a concurrent injury to the posterior oblique ligament and/or the posteromedial aspect of the capsule.
前内侧抽屉试验，屈膝约90°并使足外旋10°至15°，然后对膝关节施加前内侧的推拉应力，这可以用来检查是否合并有后斜韧带和/或后内侧关节囊的损伤。
Because of the biceps and triceps'contract force and the reacting force of trochlea humeri, compressive stress was produced in the front of olecranon, while tensile stress in the back. The stress caused olecranon fracture. The place of most fracture lied between the tine and the middle, and most of fracture line was transverse or oblique.
由于肱二头肌、肱三头肌的收缩和肘关节反力的作用，尺骨鹰嘴关节侧产生压应力，背侧为张应力，导致尺骨鹰嘴发生骨折，骨折多发生在尖腰部，骨折线多呈横形或短斜形。
Effect because of axial force, hermetic sealing compacting soft and floury sucking oblique tones in increases by strenuously, hermetic sealing wears the effect aggravating, sealing up completely until hermetic sealing damages, loses face to face away face to face.
效应，因为轴向力，软密封压缩和粉状吸吮仄声在增加发奋，密封磨损加剧的影响，封存，直至完全密封的损失，失去了面对面面对面face。
The machinery spitting out oblique tones is sealed off, is wear away with balancing plate's, rotator component axial to fleeing measures the amounts sealing off axial to fleeing demanding greater than, the force sealing off compacting soft and floury is diminished, cannot reach the effect sealing off a request, making the machinery hermetic sealing on both side of the pump all ultimately losing hermetic sealing.
The机械出来仄声是封锁，是消除磨损平衡板，旋转轴，以逃避部分措施封锁的数额，以逃避轴向要求大于，部队封锁压缩软和粉状是减少，不能达到的效果封锁的要求，使机械密封的两旁泵所有最终失去密封。
Based on strip method, thinking about nonlinear factors such as no straight shipboard on waterline、the instantaneous variation of wet surface shape and slamming effect of ship bottom, the numerical methods of nonlinear fluid force in large amplitude oblique regular seas are discussed.
关于斜浪规则波中非线性波浪载荷的计算：本文基于切片理论，考虑到船体非直舷、水下剖面形状的瞬时变化以及砰击等非线性因素，讨论了大波幅斜浪规则波中非线性流体力的时域计算方法。
Based on strip method, thinking about nonlinear factors such as no straight shipboard on waterline, the instantaneous variation of wet surface shape and slamming effect of ship bottom, the numerical methods of nonlinear fluid force in large amplitude oblique regular seas are discussed. In the thesis, the minimized theory is introduce
文中针对水平运动发散问题引入极小化原理求解非线性船舶运动方程，给出了一套完整的工程上实用的斜浪中船舶非线性运动响应与波浪载荷计算方法，并结合实船数值计算结果，讨论了各种非线性因素对流体力的影响。
The front end of the nip of the gauge head pliers is an oblique blade which can hang the pipe wall port of the cable connection clamp for measuring the holding force.
表头钳钳口的前端是一个斜刃，可挂住电缆接线卡的管壁端口，以测量其握裹力。
Various methods, which take axial force in the chord into account, used for the calculation of ultimate moment along an oblique plastic hinge line have been investigated and compared.
为了计算在轴向压力作用下沿倾斜塑性铰线的极限弯矩，研究者们提出了各种理论模型。该文对这些模型进行了分析和对比。
In the end, we used this procedure to analyze the influence of the oblique angle to the bearing points and inter-force, and discuss the influence of the ratio (the bending moment to the wrest moment) to the skew bridge.
最后利用该程序分析了斜交角对支点反力以及梁内力的分布影响，讨论了弯扭刚度比对格栅梁的影响。
The influence rules between the initial pressure, spring stiffness, oblique plane angle, friction coefficient of friction pair, friction force and the characteristics of draft gear were analyzed.
分析了缓冲器的初压力、弹簧刚度、斜面角度、摩擦副间的摩擦因数以及摩擦力对缓冲器工作性能的影响规律。
For tooth; there were concentrated stress under oblique force, and the stressess went up as the length of pontic was bigger.
天然牙在集中垂直载荷下应力分布均匀，集中斜向载荷下有应力集中，应力值随桥体长度增加而增大。
Conclusion The oblique loading is the main force to destroy the middle implant-natural teeth fixed bridge.
结论：颊舌向力是破坏修复体的主要因素，应降低牙尖斜度；
An Oblique Towing Test Method of the power model for Torpedo Position Force
鱼雷有动力模型位置力的斜拖试验方法
The shell is divided into orthogonal or oblique crossing girder systems, which make up a space rigid frame structure, then an analysis is made of the endogen force of the shell structure based on the curved lever space rigid frame structure.
该方法通过将壳体结构离散成相互垂直或斜交的曲杆梁系组成的空间刚架结构，进而分析曲杆空间刚架结构的内力，达到壳体内力分析的目的。
Through analyzing the instantaneous distribution of the yield function, bending moment and axial force during early time response, the elastic-plastic deformation mechanism and the influence of axial component of oblique impact on the dynamical response of cantilever beam are discussed.
通过对屈服函数以及弯矩、轴力在动力响应过程中分布规律的分析，阐明了斜撞击下悬臂梁的弹塑性动力响应模式和斜撞击的轴向分量对变形机制的影响。
The principle is that there are dissymmetrical oblique teeth distributed evenly on both surfaces of strip and the heat transfer flowing fluid led by the strip has a dissymmetrical reacting force on the strip, thus the force moment of self-rotation is formed.
其原理是在扭带表面上以一定间距排列不对称斜齿，被导向的传热流体对扭带的不对称反作用力形成一个旋转力矩。
Study of Force and Deformation of Piles and Oblique Bracing in Excavation of Large Pit
排桩+斜支撑在某大面积基坑开挖中的受力变形性状研究