Optical beat interference noise in a subcarrier multiplexing system with multiple optical carriers is discussed. The mechanism of OBI, its spectrum distribution and carrier-to-interference ratio are analyzed.
讨论了副载波复用系统中多光载波接入情况下的光拍频干扰噪声问题，对光拍频干扰的产生机理、功率谱分布和载波干扰比进行了分析。
The non-uniform flow behind a rigid cylinder row with a small pitch ratio T/D= 1.5 is characterized by narrow and wide near wakes and multiple frequencies, and the vortex shedding behind a rigid cylinder row with T/D= 2.0 is replicated properly by the simulation results.
此外，还研究了单列自由振动的弹性圆柱在间隙比为2.0时的流体诱导振动问题，结果表明：在大振幅条件下，流体诱导力在x方向和y方向有较强烈的耦合；随着振幅的减小，x方向振动对y方向振动的影响可以忽略，可采用单自由度的动力学模型假设进行计算。
The non-uniform flow behind a rigid cylinder row with a small pitch ratio T/D=1.5 is characterized by narrow and wide near wakes and multiple frequencies, and the vortex shedding behind a rigid cylinder row with T/D=2.0 is replicated properly by the simulation results.
计算模拟结果很好地重现了刚性单列圆柱在小间隙比(1.5)下以宽、窄尾涡交替和多频为特征的非均匀流态，以及间隙比为2.0时的涡脱落现象。
In this article, a semi-empirical parametric model of high-pressured water-jet cutting depth with water-cement ratio, stand-off distance, treating times was established, using multiple nonlinear regression analysis of experimental results.
结合高压水射流技术处理砂浆试块表面的实验数据，采用多元非线性回归分析方法建立了砂浆水灰比、靶距、处理次数与处理深度关系的半经验模型，利用该模型可建立一个适用于更大参数范围和多种工程材料处理深度估算的实用模型。
In this example, multiple summed matrix of uniform random variable multiplied by a constant standard deviation as noise, and rectangular time varying as a voltage signal are signal AM modulated in CS ratio and noise modulated phase in SN ratio to form an AM modulated signal with phase noise.
本例以多重相加均随机变数矩阵乘以标准差为常数代表杂讯，及方波时变代表讯号，依载波讯号比调幅及以讯杂依讯杂比调变相位合成含相位杂讯之调幅讯号。
Since repeative utilization ratio as urban water saving index is not suitable now, its necessary to put forward that make urban water quota with multiple efficiency as examining indexs.
针对目前普遍实行重复利用率已不在适合作为城市节水考核指标的现状，提出以具有多重功效的城市用水定额取代成为考核指标的必然性。
Comparison was made for correlation and difference of all parameters between OSAHS and control groups as well as before and after CPAP treatment in treatment group. Results: There was a significant difference between two groups in the following parameters: diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, circumference of waist and hip, waist-to hip ratio and high density lipoprotein cholesterone. Compared with control group, the incidences of MS were not only significantly higher in OSAHS group as well as in its subgroups, but also became more remarkably high as OSAHS became more severe. Multiple factor stepwise regression analysis showed that OSAHS was the independent risk factor of MS.
结果：舒张压、平均压、臀围、腰围、腰臀比、HDL-C在OSAHS组和对照组差异有显著性；OSAHS组及各亚组MS患病率均显著高于对照组，且MS患病率随OSAHS程度加重而显著增高；多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示，OSAHS为MS的危险因素，其中重度OSAHS患者比正常对照组患病危险增加43倍多；多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示，OSAHS是MS的独立危险因素。
Comparison was made for correlation and difference of all parameters between OSAHS and control groups as well as before and after CPAP treatment in treatment group. There was a significance difference between two groups in the following parameters: diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, circumference of waist and hip, waist-to hip ratio and high density lipoprotein cholesterone. Compared with control group, the incidences of MS were not only significantly higher in OSAHS group as well as in its subgroups, but also became more remarkably high as OSAHS became more severe. Multiple factor stepwise regression analysis showed that OSAHS was the independent risk factor of MS.
结果 舒张压、平均压、臀围、腰围、腰臀比、HDL-C在OSAHS组和对照组差异有显著性；OSAHS组及各亚组MS患病率均显著高于对照组，且MS患病率随OSAHS程度加重而显著增高；多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示OSAHS为MS的危险因素，其中重度OSAHS患者比正常对照组患病危险增加43倍多；多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示OSAHS是MS的独立危险因素。
The simulation results show that: In the system with slow bicycles and tricycles, the ratio and the first moving probability of tricycles do not affect the flux, however, the first moving probability of tricycles will impact on the average velocity of bicycles and tricycles. In the system with fast bicycles and tricycles, the multiple state effect appears both in free flow and congested flow regions under the deterministic case, and it disappears when the fast bicycles has the randomization effect.
模拟结果显示：在三轮车与慢速自行车混合的系统中，三轮车比例和三轮车先行概率不会对系统流量造成影响，而三轮车先行概率只会影响到车辆的平均速度；在三轮车与快速自行车混合的系统中，确定性条件下在自由流区域和堵塞流区域都会出现多分支现象，快速自行车具有慢化概率时多分支现象消失。
Secondly, we choose the proportion of shares held by institutions as dependent variable, and we use log of the total asset, volatility, beta, Jensen Index, debt-to-asset ratio, dividend yield, turnover ratio, years listed in exchange and HS300 Index dummy as explanatory variables. Then we set up a multiple regression model. Finally, we use the cross-sectional data from the end of 2006 to the end of 2007Q3 to test the relationship between the explanatory variables and the proportion held by institutions.
具体方法如下：首先，在已有研究成果的基础上，对我国机构投资者的审慎性持股偏好提出了两个假设；其次，以机构持股占个股流通盘的比例为因变量，以公司的总资产对数值、波动率、贝塔值、Jensen指标、资产负债率、股息率、年度换手率、上市年限为解释变量，并在引入沪深300虚拟变量后，建立了多元线性回归模型；最后，采用我国证券市场迎来历史性大牛市、机构投资者发展最为迅猛的2006年末-2007年3季末的四个横截面数据，对各解释变量与机构持股比例之间的关系进行了实证检验。
Because the GDI engine can be operated in multiple combustion modeand after-treatment apparatus differs from traditional gasoline engines, its control strategyunder transient working condition is therefore different. Nonlinear dynamic model of the GDIengine is proposed in this dissertation. Coupled with PID control, air-fuel ratio-dominant andspeed-dominant system simulation models are developed under the MATLAB/SIMULINKdeveloping environment using the air-fuel ratio and engine speed as feedback signals. Resultsshow the closed-loop control models not only can modify the bias of air-fuel ratio or enginespeed, but also can shorten the adjustment time of the random offset from target.
因为直喷式汽油机可以运行在多重燃烧模式，以及后处理装置的差异，其在过渡工况下的控制策略与传统以当量混合比燃烧的汽油机相比有着很大的不同，本文探讨了直喷式汽油机非线性动态模型，并引入PID控制，利用宽带氧传感器信号和转速作为反馈信号，使用MATLAB／SIMULINK的开发环境开发了以空燃比控制和转速控制为主的系统仿真模型，仿真结果表明，闭环控制模型不仅可以对发动机的空燃比或转速偏差进行反馈修正，而且缩短了目标值随机偏差的调整时间。
The results show that the efficiency of newly founded joint-stock commercial banks exceeds that of state-owned commercial banks. But for the state-owned commercial banks, the efficiency increases greatly after they have undertaken property right reform, which illuminates that the property structure has significant effects on bank efficiency. 2 Through re-defining the input and output variables of commercial banks, the author establishes the input and output evaluation index system. Particularly, intermediary business revenue is introduced to the output index, which shows the strategy transition direction of China commercial banks. It provides more comprehensive information for the status of bank efficiency. 3 Applying the econometrics method, the author analyzes the influential factors of commercial banks efficiency. The regression results indicates the effects of the factors, such as the ratio between interest revenue and loan quantity, human capital quality, loan quality, market share, card business amount and the property right structure. Especially, we lay emphasis on the property right structure and finds that it has remarkable effects on bank efficiency. This provides new idea for further reform of commercial banks. 4 Through releasing the inner relation among the property right structure, market structure and banking efficiency, the author states the reform paths of China commercial banks from the theoretic perspective and analyzes the paths of China commercial banks in the practical choices. So the necessity of property right reform of the state-owned commercial banks is well explained. 5 Involving with the current status of property right reform of the state-owned commercial banks, the author analyzes the new challenges of China state-owned commercial banks after the joint-stock reform and states the direction of the further reform from the aspects of building multiple property right structure with reducing state-owned share, completing corporate governance structure and matrix-shape management frame, enforcing the strategy transition and so on.
主要研究成果 1运用交叉评价DEA方法测度商业银行效率，分析结果表明股份制商业银行特别是新兴股份制商业银行的效率高于国有商业银行，而对于国有商业银行自身，其股份制改革之后的效率则明显高于改革之前，这在很大程度上说明了产权结构对商业银行效率的显著影响； 2对商业银行投入产出项进行了重新界定和选择，建立商业银行投入产出指标体系，符合我国商业银行经营管理现状，尤其是增加了中间业务收入作为产出项，说明了商业银行战略转型的方向，为揭示我国商业银行的效率状况提供了更为全面的信息； 3采用计量经济学方法分析商业银行效率的影响因素，计量分析的结果反映了利息收入与贷款数量比率、不良贷款率、人民币信用卡交易额、产权结构、市场份额、人力资源质量等因素对商业银行技术效率的影响，并且凸现了产权结构对商业银行效率的显著影响，这为确定我有商业银行改革的方向和具体措施提供了思路； 4通过揭示产权结构、市场结构和银行效率之间的内在关系，在理论逻辑上论述了我国商业银行的改革路径，并分析了现实选择中我国国有商业银行的改革步骤，合理解释了国有商业银行产权改革的必要性：5结合国有商业银行产权改革的现状，全面分析了我国国有商业银行在股改上市后面临的新挑战，并从产权结构多元化、完善公司治理结构、加快战略转型等角度提出了进一步提升效率的途径与改革的方向。
an improved pitch detection algorithm based on autocorrelation function is proposed. unvoiced/voiced decision is realized using the differences between unvoiced and voiced autocorrelation function. before the pitch detection, the voiced is pretreated by band-pass filter, center clipping and digital filter to reduce the effects of formant and high-frequency noises; after the pitch detection, searching smoothing method is exploited to overcoming the multiple or half frequency errors and random errors. the experimental results show that the performance is superior to traditional autocorrelation function-based algorithm. furthermore, this new method still works well under low signal noise ratio(snr=5 db).
利益相关者治理理论研究脉络及其进展。。。摘要：提出了一种改进的自相关函数基音检测算法：首先利用清浊音自相关函数幅度值的不同性质进行清浊音判决，然后仅对浊音段检测基音周期。在基音检测前用带通滤波、中心削波和数值滤波等方法进行预处理，去除共振峰和高频噪声的影响；在基音检测过程的后端用搜索平滑方法进行后处理，平滑掉半、倍频点和随机错误点。实验结果表明，改进算法的效果优于传统自相关算法，而且在信噪比低至5 db时仍有良好的清浊音判决和基音检测性能。
In consideration of the problems of static correction, improvement of signal-noise ratio and suppression of multiple wave s, effective processing schemes are presented.
针对处理中存在的静校正、提高信噪比和多次波压制等3个关键问题，提出了有效的处理方案。
For example, when studying the relation between a risk factor and a disease in a multiple-center design, in which the disease rate may vary between centers with different characteristics of patients, we can treat each center as a stratum and independently apply inverse sampling to sam- ple subjects from each of the comparison groups in each center. The relative difference is one of the important indices to measure the excess harmful effect due to a risk factor (Sheps 1958, 1959), which is defined as the ratio between the difference in morbidity rates on the exposed and the unexposed groups and the underlying proportion of the people who would not have the disease otherwise in the unexposed group.
例如，在多中心设计中，研究某危险因素与疾病之间的相关性，患病率因各中心病人特征的不同而不同，我们可以把每个中心作为层，独立地应用逆抽样从每个中心的各比较组中抽取样本。
Iterative tree search is an efficient soft detection scheme in multiple-input multiple-output systems. However, there often exists in ITS that log-likelihood ratio values of some detected bits cannot be evaluated. Although it can be somewhat solved by setting the LLR magnitude for these bits to a constant value, the system performance would be degraded.
多入多出系统中的迭代树搜索检测会遇到某些比特的对数似然比无法确定的情况，需采用赋常数值的方法解决，但这会影响系统性能。
Since this method adopts non-linearized theory of the lift coefficient curve of the blade section and multiple streamtube model, and has revised the aspect ratio influence, so it has wide suitability.
这个方法采用了叶型升力曲线的非线性理论和多流管的理论模型，并对展弦比的影响进行了修正，从而具有广泛的适用性。
The wave-front detection technique can amplify the variations of the wave-front of the debris flow. The debris flow becomes easy to discriminate. Based on the clean images processing, the detection ratio of the multiple filtering technique can increases from 56.36% to 95.27%. The noise removal technique can effective remove the pepper-and-salt noise and Gaussian noise. The clean images will reduce the false alarm rate for detection of remaining ratio technique.
土石流波前判识」使用前处理影像，可有效的将土石流波前扰动强度放大，较易正确判识出土石流波前；「多重滤波判识」经影像前处理后，可降低因环境带来的不当讯息，结果发现，其判识率由56.36%大幅提升至95.27%；「溪床特定物残留率」判识时，易将杂讯视为特定物，滤除杂讯可有效降低误判之机率。
In the test set, a signal source with n channel signal generators and drive circuits drive n scan light sources to stimulate LAPS simultaneously, a digital compensating filter corrects the frequency response of the sensor to make it have the same S/N ratio and detection accuracy to the signals produced by the stimulating multiple light sources.
多光源寻址电位传感器及并行处理的气体图象测试装置，采用信号源频率不同的n路信号发生器和驱动电路驱动n个扫描光源同时激发LAPS，用数字补偿滤波器修正传感器的频响特性，使其对多光源激发产生的响应信号具有同样的信噪比和检测精度。
The modular fast reactor core conceptual design is performed. The ratio of MA added to the MOX fuel is studied. The neutronics characteristics of MA transmutation, and the transmutation and burning efficiency of the modular fast reactor are calculated. The role of the modular fast reactor to buffer the growing of MA in China and the reduction of radiotoxicity of nuclear waster via multiple recycling of MA in the modular fast reactor are calculated. Many constrains and limits are considered when designing the modular fast reactor core.
主要论述随着我国压水堆核电站装机容量和运行堆年的增加，乏燃料中MA总量增长趋势；模块快堆的堆芯概念设计方案；在不改变模块快堆堆芯设计的前提下，MOX燃料中添加MA和稀土核素对堆芯中子学性能的影响以及模块快堆的嬗变效率；模块快堆对减少我国MA总量的作用；模块快堆产生的最终核废物的长期放射性毒性随时间的变化等。