The results showed that the suitable holding temperature was the peak temperature (350～500℃) at which more free radicals was produced rapidly, so more oil was formed and the hydrogen utilization efficiency was increased. The cleavage of organic functional groups of semi-coke from HyPy was mostly affected by the pyrolysis temperature, the effect of retention is changing the product distribution through stabilization of the free radicals and hydrogenation of the heavier products. In the holding process at the low temperature, the hydrogen preferred to be combined with oxygen-contained group to form phenols, avoiding the water formation reaction at high temperature.
研究发现：停留温度应选在煤热解产生自由基最多的温度范围，即350～500℃，此时生成更多的油品而使氢气的有效利用率最大；加氢热解半焦的化学官能团的断裂主要与热解温度有关，停留过程只是通过对热解产生的自由基稳定化并对较重的热解产物进一步加氢而改变了产品的分布与组成；低温下的停留过程使得气体中的氢优先与煤中的含氧官能团结合而生成酚类，避免了在更高温度下生成水的反应。
A mechanism of reaction involving a pre-equilibrium of an adduct formation between α-PG and dihy-droxymonoperiodatonickelate is proposed, which can explain all the experimental results. The activationparameters of the rate-determining step have been calculated.
据此提出了包括α-PG和MPN形成络合物的前期平衡的反应机理，由假设反应机理推出的速率方程能很好地解释全部实验现象，进一步求得了速控步的活化参数。
The interaction between microorganisms and minerals can facilitate the process of exogenic biogeochemical reaction, which is one of the important research contents in exogenic geochemistryMicrobes and their geological effects were summarized, and a variety of microbial weathering phenomena toward carbonate rocks, especially on different microcosmic scales, were analyzedThe products and mechanisms of weathering of carbonate rocks by microbes were also expoundedThe authors put forward four microbial weathering mechanisms of carbonate rocks:(1)microorganisms grow on rock surface or in crevices, which will result in biocorrosion, bioerosion, and boring, and will accelerate rock decomposition and weathering; (2)boring meshes produced by microbial colony could increase the efficient superficial area of chemical denudation of rocks, and could lead to the intensification of rock surface weathering to promote mechanical erosion, and the microbial destruction and loosing of cementation structure of rock particles would also accelerate the decomposition of mineral particles; (3)rock weathering can be intensified by the effects of microbial waterkeeping, acidification of organic acids secreted by microorganisms and the release of CO2 induced by microbial respiration onto rock surface; (4)microorganisms uptake nutrition from rock surface to produce complicated organic ligands and promote the release of mineral elements in the growing process of microorganismsFinally, how to carry on the studies of the microbial weathering of carbonate rocks was proposedThe authors suggest to comprehensively exploit local lowgrade mineral resources which contain potassium and phosphate and to accelerate soil formation and evolution in karst regions by using microbial technology.
微生物-矿物相互作用可以促进许多表生生物地球化学反应过程，是表生地球化学研究的重要内容。通过综合岩石表面的微生物类群及其地质作用，分析碳酸盐岩微生物风化的各种现象，特别是微观尺度上的各种形态，阐述碳酸盐岩的微生物风化机制与风化产物，笔者提出微生物对碳酸盐岩风化的4种途径：(1)通过微生物在岩石表面和缝隙中生长，导致岩石表层发生生物溶蚀、生物磨蚀和生物钻孔作用，加速岩石风化进程；(2)微生物群体形成的钻孔网络可以增强岩石化学溶蚀的有效表面积并导致其表面强度减弱而促进机械侵蚀作用，微生物对周围岩石颗粒胶结结构的破坏、疏松作用也会导致岩石矿物颗粒的分解；(3)微生物的持水作用，微生物分泌的有机酸以及微生物呼吸所释放的CO2对岩表水分的酸化过程亦加速岩石矿物的分解；(4)微生物生长过程中从岩石内摄取营养元素和产生复杂的有机配体，能促进矿物元素的释放。文中提出在开展微生物对碳酸盐岩风化过程和机理研究的基础上，有必要引入微生物生物技术来综合开发本地低品位含钾磷矿产资源，加速岩溶地区山地土壤的形成与演化。
Cellulose material stays for a long time in the middle temperature due to the endothermic effect of primary cracking. The concentration of LG and other competitive compounds in the fabric structure is primarily determined by its competitive reaction of formation.
热裂解过程中，由于一次反应的强烈吸热，物料在长时间内局限于中温范围，其内部各组分质量浓度分布的区别主要体现出一次反应竞争能力的强弱。
It was found that Pd-Co/active carbon catalyst was the optimal catalyst, and Pd-Co/γ-Al2O3 was also good, but silica and kieselguhr were not proper carriers for the object reaction, because of their stronger surface acidity, which could result in the formation of polymer, jammed the micro pores of catalyst, and then resulted in its deactivation. Addition of Bi, Ce and Cu promoters could not improve the activity of catalyst, but La and Ba promoter could enhance the activity of catalyst apparently, and the Co was the best promoter, especially Co was impregnate in advance. It was attributed to that the pre-impregnated Co may occupy the micro pores of active carbon, and cover some bad functional groups on the surface of catalyst, so that the active and selectivity of catalyst could be enhanced obviously.
研究结果表明，Pd-Co/活性炭催化剂是目标转移加氢反应的最适宜催化剂，Pd-Co/γ-Al203效果也较好，而硅胶和硅藻土由于表面酸性较强，容易造成生成聚合物而堵塞催化剂微孔、使催化剂迅速失活；此外，添加Bi、Ce、Cu等助剂时对活性并无改善作用，而添加La和Ba助剂时可使Pd的催化活性有所提高，效果最好的是Co助剂，尤其是先浸渍Co的Pd-Co/C催化剂，原因是Co占据了活性炭的微孔、覆盖了某些对目标反应不利的官能团，使其活性和选择性都有较大幅度的提高。
Quantum chemistry calculations method was performed on three compounds 1 to 3. The possible reaction mechanism of the Schiff bases formation was discussed, and the relationship between structure and antibacterial activity has also been studied. This work may fufill the theory basis in future researches.
使用Gaussian98程序，对两种席夫碱配体以及PMBP缩对氟苄胺合镍配合物进行了量子化学计算，根据所得的量化计算结果初步探讨了其结构与性能的关系，为今后的深入研究提供一定的理论依据。
Biocompatibility of tissue and material: All the materials used in operation were interstitial implant of titanium alloy. To the end of follow-up, there were no reaction of blood, immunization and tissue, no peplos formation or changes in cytoplasm, and no reaction of materials such as alloy corrosion and worn out.
材料与组织的生物相容性反应：术中所用材料均为钛合金体内植入物，与人体组织的生物相容性好，到随访结束时，无血液、免疫、组织等反应，无囊膜形成及细胞质的转变；亦无钛合金腐蚀、磨损等材料反应的发生。
And for the first time, the dynamic equation was given as following:〓 The best reaction route of formation of MgB〓 phase should be reaction between liquid and solid, which can be avoid the porosity in MgB〓 and improve the connection of grains.
首次得出了MgB〓成相反应的动力学方程：〓＝6.9×10〓（1-α）〓e〓提出理想的MgB〓的成相反应是应当通过固-液反应来形成。
Effects of main factors including aging time of the mixture, amount of phosphoric acid, the concentration of the mixture and the reaction temperature on the process of colloid formation and colloidal particle size were investigated in detail. The theories on thermodynamics, kinetics and electrical double layer were used to analyze the experimental phenomena and results.
考察了氧化锑混合物陈化时间，反应过程中磷酸用量、原料浓度、反应温度对胶体形成过程和胶粒粒径的影响，并运用热力学、动力学和双电层理论对实验过程的现象及结果进行了分析。
ZSM-5 zeolite has high activity for aldehyde-ammonia condensation reaction, with mild reaction conditions, high shape selectivity and little by-product formation.
ZSM-5分子筛催化剂是一种具有较强催化活性的醛氨缩合催化剂，具有反应条件温和、择形选择性高和副产物较少等优点。
A large number of bond-type complexes, as long as the hydrogen of the molecules covalently coupled to the molecular approach in an electronegative atom up, that constitutes a hydrogen bond, there are intramolecular hydrogen bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the points, will affect the formation of complex reaction carried out, such as in solution adding dioxa cyclohexane, or tetrahydrofuran, will reduce the alkylation reaction rate.
氢键型络合物为数众多，只要含氢的分子以共价键方式耦合到分子中一个电负性原子上去，即构成氢键，有分子内氢键和分子间氢键之分，络合物的形成将会影响反应的进行，如在溶液中加入二氧杂环己烷或四氢呋喃，都会降低烷基化反应速率。
Thirty minutes after the animal models were prepared, blood samples of 2 ml were taken the from carotid arteries for measuring the blood with regard to time of coagulation reaction and formation, rate of blood coagulation speed, coagulation strength and index by thromboelastography TEG5000.
于造模后30min从颈总动脉取血样2ml，以TEG5000型血栓弹力仪测量各样本血液的凝血时间、血凝块形成时间、Alpha角度、凝血最大幅度和凝血指数等参数。
Results from the freeze-fracture replication transndssion electronic microscopy, the spot test and the chendcal state analysis of the studied thermal reaction system have indicated that the first characteristic state point, which coincides with the induction period of coke formation, arises from the agg...
分析结果表明：第一个特征状态点与渣油胶体体系丧失动力学稳定性后原生沥青质的聚集和分相有关，它决定着体系的生焦诱导期；第三个特征状态点与体系中次生沥青质的浓度高达相分离的临界状态相对应，它决定着开始大量生焦的时刻。
And latex particles formation and its transformation during reaction process were studied.
通过分析和计算得出了该体系的反应级数和表观活化能。
They demonstrate that not enamine formation but both the reaction of the enamine with the electrophile and hydrolysis of the resulting imine are rate limiting.
这证明不只是烯胺结构，烯胺与亲电体的反应和产物亚胺的水解都是限速。
A general feature of PAM/APDDAB-PWA composite microsphere was of the core-shell structure and the wrinkly surface covered with APDDAB-PWA particles. The formation of the wrinkly surface is attributed to the difference in shrink between inside and outside of PAM microgel frameworks, and the formation of APDDAB-PWA small particles originates from the reaction between APDDAB aggregation and PWA.
研究结果表明：PAM/APDDAB-PWA复合微球具有表面褶皱形貌；这种褶皱的形成是由于PAM聚合物骨架内部和外部收缩的不均匀引起的；这种不均性收缩与APDDAB-PWA在复合微球网络骨架上沉积量不同而引起网络骨架刚性差异性有关，这种刚性的差异性导致水溶胀复合微球经丙酮或甲醇洗涤收缩而产生网络骨架的变形。
The Center for Biodynamics is primarily dedicated to education and research in dynamical systems, biology and engineering including nonlinear dynamics in single neurons, noise in the nervous system, controlling cell cycle dynamics, frequency control of an oscillatory reaction, gene dynamics, pattern formation in bacterial colonies, patterns in economics and social behavior, fluid mechanics, applied biodynamics, etc.
生物动力学研究中心主要致力于动力系统、生物学和工程学的教学和研究，其研究领域包括非线性动力学，神经系统的干扰，细胞周期动力学的控制，振荡反应的频率控制，基因动力学，细菌株模式的形成，经济学和社会行为模式，流体力学，应用生物动力学等。
The formation reaction channels of these products during the laser ablation process have been suggested as follows: MO mainly comes from the reaction of M and O atoms.
激光烧蚀金属产生的电子有可能被气氛中的分子捕获形成负离子，并与气氛中的其他气体小分子结合生成新的负离子。
The explosion reaction styleof ClO_2 is decomposition, the reaction mechanism of ClO_2 is of a degenerate chain-branchingtype involving the formation of a stable intermediate Cl_2O_3, and it is the major factor toinitiating and accelerating branched chain reaction.
提出了气体ClO_2的爆炸属于分解爆炸，其爆炸机理是涉及到中间稳定物——Cl_2O_3的特殊衰减支链分解爆炸机理，Cl_2O_3是引发、促进支链反应的主要因素。
SEM, TEM and XRD results showed that the reaction conditions, such as ultrasonic treatment, pH value of solution and ethylenediamine played an important role on the formation of dumb-bell ZnO.
用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线粉末衍射分析了氧化锌的形貌和结构，用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱测定其光学性质，并初步探讨了哑铃状氧化锌的形成机理。