Recently, two radiation techniques have been applied to inhibit stenoses of arterio-venous fistula, endovascular irradiation and external irradiation. Advantage of external beam irradiation is a quick dose delivery time.
现今有两种放射治疗技术应用於预防动静脉瘻管阻塞；一为血管内照射，另一为体外照射；体外照射的优点为治疗时间短，以及器械不需置入体内，故较不会出现因血管受创而有栓塞和缺血的情形。
In this paper, we established a three-dimensional braking disc and pad model that use the finite element analysis method based on the acoustic - solid coupling and studied external radiation acoustic field of the vibration of the disc and pad.
本文在考虑声—固耦合的情况下，利用有限元分析方法建立了三维的制动盘片模型，深入研究了盘片振动外辐射声场分布情况。
The use of Klingler's fiber dissection technique can clearly show the fiber structure of temporal lobe regions:arcuate fascicle, external capsule, claustrum, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, optic radiation Anterior Commissuree, et al.
结果1。运用Klingler解剖技术可清晰显示颞叶区域各白质纤维结构：弓状束、外囊、屏状核、下纵束、钩状束、额枕下束、视辐射、前联合等纤维束的解剖结构和位置。2。
To find out individual dose level of external exposure to radiation for radiology specialized workers employed by SCDC from 2002 to 2004 in Shanghai.
沈耀芳，陈丽芳，沈金福摘要：f目的了解上海市2002～2004年部分不同放射工种工作人员的外照射个人剂量水平。
For most of the last 4 decades, this has involved the use of cytotoxic agents with external beam radiation.
这在临床肿瘤研究史上是一个激动人心的时刻，因为我们还有很多的分子供我们进行研究。
All patients received neoadjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy and external beam radiation.
所有患者接受新辅助5-FU为基础的化疗和体外辐射。
Men at high risk should know that adding hormone therapy to external beam radiation may prolong their life.
高风险男性应当知道荷尔蒙疗法加上外部射线照射也许能延长生命。
Brachytherapy has advantages to place the radiation source directly to the tumor and to have shorter treatment course as compared to the external beam therapy.
近距离治疗的优点是可以将放射源直接放到肿瘤内或肿瘤附近，并且其治疗时间比外照射的治疗时间短。
Most people receiving external radiation are treated 5 days a week for 5 to 7 weeks as an outpatient.
大多数人要作为门诊病人接受每周5次，5至7周的治疗。
2 The planning and construction, the western channel started a series of good news for the continued development of real estate nanshan provide a good external environment Dacron, many residential projects one after another to intervene in the market brought about by a stable source such as a positive factor for consumption gradually increased investment nanshan value, but because of their location relative independence, the East Gate, Huaqiang North Area and other traditional shopping district of the radiation power is limited, District Relying on strong consumer spending in recent years in the real estate developers, brand merchants in close collaboration with, Nanshan district gradually prosperity, Form tends to improve overall business district in Shenzhen, the pattern of status has been a strong upgrade.
与城市重心西移，地铁1，2号线的规划和建设，西部通道开始了一系列的好消息的持续发展房地产南山提供良好的外部环境涤纶，许多住宅项目一个接一个干预市场所带来的稳定的来源，如一个积极因素的消费逐渐增加南山的投资价值，但由于其地理位置的相对独立性，东门，华强北地区和其他传统的购物区辐射功率是有限的，区依靠强劲的消费支出在最近几年中的房地产开发商，品牌商家的密切配合下，南山区逐步繁荣，形式往往以改善整体营商区在深圳，格局的地位一直处于强势升级。
objective: to explore the prevention and cure measure of adverse reaction in rectal cancer after radiotherapy, to help the patients successfully complete external radiation and afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy. method:to compare the therapeutic effect and adverse, the reaction between the experimental group including 58 patients with rectal cancer who performed the global nursing measure. traditional chinese medicine retention-enema, clearing intestinal tract, warm water demibain; and the control group who did not perform the the global nursing measure above imn the prophase, metaphase, anaphase of radiotherapy.
目的：探索直肠癌放疗不良反应的防治措施，使病人顺利完成外照射加腔内后装治疗。方法：通过对58例直肠癌病人在放射治疗的前、中、后采用中药保留灌肠、清洁肠道、温水坐浴等整体护理，与未采用以上整体护理措施的54例直肠癌病人进行疗效和不良反应的比较。
Register company number to exceed 800 into the area now, total output value is annual with 40%￣ the speed growth; of 60% sets an example external radiation benefit expands ceaselessly, achieved 10 billion yuan of; 20042004 year net income of average per capita of the farmer inside the area achieves 3169 yuan, than going up year all grow 12.6%.
现在入区注册企业总数超过800家，生产总值每年以40%￣60%的速度增长；对外示范辐射效益不断扩大，2004年达到100亿元；2004年区内农民人均纯收入达到3169元，比上年均增长12.6%。
It contains contributions of experts internationally qualified in scientific disciplines or subjects such as radiation physics, biology and medicine, external and internal dosimetry of ionizing radiation and radionuclides, decontamination and decorporation of radionuclides, physical and biological measuring techniques, assessment of radiation shielding (restricted to an extent being necessary for completion of tasks of practical radiological protection, specifically in the field of lower energies).
它包含在科学科目或者学科(例如辐射物理学，生物学和医学)国际上合格的专家的贡献，电离辐射和radionuclides的外部和内部剂量测定法，radionuclides，物理和生物学测量技术的清除污垢和decorporation，辐射屏蔽的评价(特别是在更低的能源领域给适合实用radiological 保护的任务的完成必要的程度限制)。
［Purpose］ To investigate the clinical characteristics of radiation optic neuropathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with conventional external-beam radiotherapy.
［目的］分析鼻咽癌放疗后放射性视神经病变（radiation optic neuropathy，RON）的临床特点。
Management. Treatment of manifestations: Early diagnosis and treatment of RB and RB-related tumors can reduce morbidity and increase longevity; care is best provided by specialists from ophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology, radiation oncology, oncology; treatment options depend on tumor stage, number of tumor foci (unifocal, unilateral multifocal, or bilateral), localization and size of the tumor within the eye, presence of vitreous seeding, and age of the child; treatment options may include enucleation, cryotherapy, photocoagulation, photochemistry, external beam radiation therapy, and radiation therapy using episcleral plaques; newer options include systemic chemotherapy combined with or followed by local therapy.
处理。表征的治疗：RB 和 RB 相关肿瘤的早期诊断和治疗能减轻病状、延长存活时间；护理最好由眼科学、小儿眼科学、肿瘤学和放射肿瘤学等方面的专业医师来提供；治疗方案的选择取决于肿瘤阶段、病灶数量（单病灶、单侧多病灶或双侧病灶）、眼内肿瘤的位置和大小、玻璃体散布的存在与否以及患儿的年龄；治疗选项可能包括摘出术、冷冻疗法、光凝固术、光化学法、外照射放疗和用巩膜外斑块进行的放射治疗；新的治疗选项包括与局部治疗结合的或先行的系统化学疗法。
Objective To explore the statement of nursing intervention contribute to clinical trerapeutic effect of external radiation and afterloading therapy of the uterine cervix cancer.
目的：探讨护理干预对宫颈癌外照射加后装治疗的临床疗效的影响。
For clinical reference dosimetry of external beam radiation therapy, a protocol written by Task Group 51 of the Radiation Therapy Committee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine uses ion chamber with absorbed-dose-to-water calibration factor, which is traceable to national primary standards. This protocol represents a major simplification compared to the AAPM`s TG-21 protocol in the sense that large tables of stopping-power ratios and mass-energy absorption coefficients are not needed and the user dose not need to calculate any theoretical dosimetry factors.
早期，要求得这些转换因子，游离腔必须在国家游离辐射标准实验室经过钴60射束空气克马校验法校验得到钴60射束空气克马转换因子，再藉由某些经过仔细验证过的剂量计算议定书；像是美国医学物理师协会（American Association of Physicists in Medicine，AAPM）於1984年发表的TG-21号议定书；根据实际射束的射质及量测仪器的材料，逐项求得不同的转换因子。
In recent years, because of we have realized that generating inter radiation is factor of bring about lung cancer when radon was breathed in the body, thus draw internal and external attention.
近年来，由于认识到氡被吸入人体后所产生的内辐射是导致肺癌的原因之一，因而受到各国的重视。
On the contrary, it is found in this paper that neglecting the heat radiation effect is likely to produce large errors of non-insulated and thin-insulated ducts or containers in situations of ambient air with low external convection heat coefficients and larger surface emissivity, especially while the ambient air temperature is different from that of surroundings and greater internal fluid convection coefficients.
然而，本文发现，对於非绝热和很薄隔热材的绝热管或容器，若忽略热辐射效应，在低的空气对流热传系数和高的表面放射率的条件下，将产生非常大的误差。
Burning characteristics, such as the heat release rate, the average heat release rate, time to ignition, yield of CO/CO2 and light extinction of wood, PVC and polyurethane are tested at different external heat radiation level with a cone calorimeter, which based on the oxygen consumption theory.
采用基于耗氧量原理的锥形量热计对木材、PVC以及聚氨酯泡沫塑料在不同热辐射条件下的热释放速率、平均释热速率、点燃时间、CO/CO2生成率和烟气的减光性等燃烧特性进行了研究。