In this paper, we describe the design and shakedown of the five-stage metallic oil diffusion pump with large exhaust capaciy.
本文介绍一种具有大排气量的五级金属油扩散泵的设计与调试。
At the same time, the finite element method combined with domain division method is used in missile simulating the infrared spectral radiation field of boosting stage of exhaust plume with scattering particles.
在给定浓度场、温度场、粒子和气体组分辐射物性参数的条件下，通过插值方法对于给定物性进行回归，使其变为坐标的多项式函数关系式，同时将分区有限元模型用于导弹主动段尾喷焰红外光谱辐射特性计算。
The turbine comprises at least one radial or diagonal turbine stage (120) with radial or diagonal feed stream and axial exhaust flow and at least one axial turbine stage (121 - 125) with a axial feed steam and axial exhaust flow.
该涡轮机包括至少一个带有径向的或者对角线的入口和轴向的出口的径向的或者对角线的涡轮机级(120)和至少一个带有轴向的入口和轴向的出口的轴向涡轮机级(121-125)。
After that, the one-stage PRS is connected with the chemical laser system to test cooperation of the two systems. Tests show that the ejecting capacity of the one-stage PRS is unable to fulfil the exhaust requirement of the chemical laser system, and that the starting process of the cavity and the diffuser is not thorough and the cavity pressure is too high, with the power output of the laser decreasing sharply.
随后，开展了单级引射PRS系统与DF化学激光器的联试研究工作，通过大量的联试实验，研究了激光器配方、引射器引射能力、联试时序和扩压器方案等等，对扩压器和光腔的启动特性、光腔压强和出光功率的影响，得出了光腔压强过低、单级引射PRS系统无法满足其压缩比要求，需考虑采用两级引射PRS系统的结论。
At present, the seal-type multi-stage vacuum pump is the most widely used access technology, a pump, it can be used as a separate low-vacuum equipment to the exhaust pump, it can be used as high-vacuum exhaust pump, when the first class, formed into a high demand for multi-stage pump.
目前，油封式多级泵是国内真空获得技术中应用最广的一种泵，它可单独用作低真空设备的排气用泵，也可用作高真空排气时的前级真空泵，组成成高要求的多级泵。
A two stage high pressure turbine on the exhaust end of the combustor drives the compressor.
一个两 阶段高压涡轮在combustor 的尾气末端驾驶压缩机。
The water chamber takes the shape of tilting cube, in favor of uniform distribution of cooling water on tube plate surface. The tube bundle is divided into two groups of zygomorphy according to the bisection system and it has eight support clapboards. The siphonopore center of each clapboard increases a certain distance corresponding to that of two tube plates and the cooling tube takes the shape of arch. The two-way cooling water of bisection flows through the condenser in opposite direction so as to improve the distribution of heat load for tube bundle. Around the throat of condenser, the final stage low-pressure heater, air extraction tube, intake device of bypass exhaust and the like are deployed.
它的特点是：水室呈倾斜立方体形状，有利于冷却水流在管板面上均匀分布；由于采用对分制，管束相应地分为左、右对称的两组，并且管束设有八块支撑隔板，每块隔板的管孔中心相对于两端管板的管孔中心依次抬高一定的距离，以使冷却管呈拱形状；对分制的两路冷却水以相反方向流过凝汽器，从而改善管束的热负荷分布；在凝汽器喉部布置了末级低压加热器，抽汽管道及旁路排汽接受装置等。
In different spray advance angle the predicted in-cylinder pressure curve can fit test curve well that proves the accuracy of the mathematic models involved in the multi-dimensional transient numerical simulation and the reliability of the application of whole model simulation. In addition the results show radiation heat transfer accounts for about 30%of the total heat transfer in diesel engine cylinder and heat transfer of piston accounts for 60%of the total heat loss.4.On the base of multi-dimensional transient numerical simulation of in-cylinder working process three dimensional coupled computation model which combines in-cylinder working process and combustion chamber components was built using partition solution method and boundary coupled method. So three dimensional complete model simulation by coupling in-cylinder working process and combustion chamber parts was realized and the effect of heat transfer space no-uniformity on in-cylinder heat transfer, flow, spray, combustion and emission is studied. Results show the effect of wall temperature space no-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components on heat transfer happens mainly at the end of compression stroke and expansion stroke. Therefore it can be concluded that wall temperature space no-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components would influence heat transfer during intake and exhaust stroke obviously. The wall temperature space no-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components is hardly related to in-cylinder gas flow, which is mainly dependent on the combustion chamber components structure, intake system structure, fuel spray nozzle structure, nozzle position and spray intensity. From the results of fuel atomization simulation it can be known the wall temperature space no-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components has certain influence on fuel atomization at the initial and middle stage of spray, mainly in the bottom space of combustion chamber and near cylinder wall. At the late stage of spray in-cylinder gas temperature is mainly dependent on fuel combustion, not on heat transfer of cylinder wall, so the wall temperature space no-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components has nearly no effect on spray. However at this time radiation heat transfer acts on spray remarkably that result in heat transfer increasing and spray getting worse. The heat transfer space no-uniformity of combustion chamber components has certain effect on CO_2 formation during spray and reduces gradually until late combustion stroke. For CO the situation is on the contrary. In addition radiation heat transfer influences the whole combustion process deeply. The heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components directly influences the formation of NO_x and convection heat transfer space non-uniformity mainly influences the formation of NO_x near combustion chamber wall surface. The radiation heat transfer space non-uniformity mainly influences the formation of NO_x within combustion chamber space and not near the wall surface. The heat. transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components has little effect on soot formation, far less than on NO_x.
在缸内工作过程多维瞬态数值模拟计算校验基础上，利用分区求解、边界耦合法建立了缸内工作过程与燃烧室部件的三维耦合计算模型，从而实现了缸内工作过程与燃烧室部件的耦合三维全仿真模拟计算，以此考察燃烧室部件传热空间非均匀性对缸内传热、流动、喷雾、燃烧和排放的影响，结果表明燃烧室部件壁面温度的空间非均匀分布对传热的影响主要是在压缩过程和膨胀过程后期，由此可推断在进气过程和排气过程中燃烧室部件表面温度分布的非均匀性对传热会有较为明显的影响；燃烧室部件壁面温度的空间非均匀分布对缸内气体流动几乎没有任何影响，缸内流动主要取决于燃烧室部件结构、进气系统部件结构以及喷油嘴结构、喷孔位置和喷射强度等；燃油的雾化效果的计算结果发现，喷雾初期和中期燃烧室部件壁面温度的空间非均匀分布对燃油的雾化有一定影响，主要影响燃烧室底部空间和壁面附近区域，在喷雾后期，此时缸内气体温度主要取决于燃油的燃烧，壁面换热的影响本身就极小，因此壁面温度分布的空间非均匀性对雾化的影响也极小，但辐射传热对燃油雾化效果会产生显著影响，换热量的增加使整体雾化效果下降；喷雾过程燃烧室部件传热空间非均匀性对燃烧产物CO_2的生成会产生一定影响，而燃烧过程后期这种影响逐渐减弱，其对中间产物CO的生成的影响则相反，另外，辐射换热对整个燃烧过程起到至关重要的决定性作用；燃烧室部件传热空间非均匀性影响最明显的是NO_x的生成，对流换热的空间非均匀性主要影响燃烧室壁面附件区域内NO_x的生成，辐射换热的空间非均匀性主要影响整个燃烧室空间内部NO_x的生成，在燃烧室部件壁面附件区域内的影响较小；燃烧室部件传热空间非均匀性对碳烟生成的影响要远远小于对NO_x生成的影响。
When the exhaust port and exhaust chamber connected to the compressed gas when the compressed gas or routed to inter-stage channel to enter to the next level, or impulse to open exhaust valve is pumped into the atmosphere to go.
当排气口与排气腔中的压缩气体接通时，被压缩气体或排到级间通道从而进入到下一级，或冲开排气阀，排到大气中去。
A variable swirl control valve is also employed and is combined with an optimised exhaust gas recirculation system and a high-efficiency EGR cooler to ensure Euro Stage IV compliance and low tax costs in most countries.
可变涡流控制阀也采用，并结合优化的废气再循环系统和高效率EGR冷却器，以确保遵守欧盟的第四阶段，在多数国家的低税收成本。
And the effects on engine efficiency and exhaust emissions are also investigated. It is found that the RON of port injected fuel determines the heat release phasing and distribution of the first and second stages of HCCI/DI, and consequently has influence on the third stage combustion.
基于燃料设计与管理思想，本文针对进气道预喷可变辛烷值参比燃料，缸内直喷正庚烷的HCCI/DI分层复合燃烧，系统考察预喷燃料辛烷值，预混合率以及缸内直喷时刻这三个因素对分层复合燃烧相位、放热形态与分布、发动机效率和排放的影响。
According to the initially assumed final stage flow, the thermodynamic parameters before the final stage, and the backpressure, the flow patterns of the stage can be distinguished by a discrimination criterion of varying condition, then a stage varying condition calculation can be conducted in sequence from the front parameter of the final stage, so the new exhaust steam enthalpy and the exhaust steam dryness can be got, and the precise heat consumption rate and the exhaust enthalpy of the steam turbine can be got easily.
根据初始假定的末级流量和现场实际的末级前热力状态和背压，用汽轮机变工况流型判别准则，判别级的流型，然后从末级前参数开始顺序进行一次级的变工况核算，得到新的排汽焓和排汽干度，最后算得机组热耗率和排汽焓。
Having made the great breach in the field of surplus heat refrigeration and absorption refrigeration, DY Fishing Vessel Diesel Engine Exhaust System remains in the trial-product stage, and much of its performance need to enhance and study.
作为在余热制冷及吸附制冷的领域中有很大突破的DY渔船柴油机尾气制冰系统，还处在试制产品阶段，还有待于研究和提高。
Last stage long blade and its related LP exhaust device for unit with air condenser special use are designed, which strongly ensures safe and high efficient operation of unit with air condenser.
并设计了专用于空冷机组的末级长叶片及相应低压排汽装置，有效保证了空冷机组安全高效运行。
The fiber are successfully used in the practical noise control. The model of aerodynamics in the course of the intermittence exhaust is simplified into exhaust problem of two stage series cylinder. Digital calculation program which can really imitate aerodynamics characteristics in the exhaust process is established. A simple formula which can be used for calculating the volume of the silencer expansion chamber is established.
作者指出间歇性排气过程的空气动力模型可简化为两级气缸串联的排气问题，编制的数值计算程序真实地模拟了排气过程中的空气动力学特性，建立了消声器膨胀消声室体积大小计算的表达式。
UNSTEADY RESPONSE OF TIP LEAKAGE FLOW TO DISCRETE MICRO TIP INJECTION IN A TRANSONIC AXIAL COMPRESSOR AND ITS EFFECT ON STABILITY ENHANCEMENT A Numerical Simulation Consideration an Exhaust Gas Turbine Stage Cascade with Tip Clearance
跨音速轴流压气机叶顶间隙泄漏流对微喷气的非定常响应机制和扩稳效果研究
The second-stage exhaust pressure surpasses its design value, due to poor performance of the cooler in a reciprocating air compressor, which leads to action of safety valve.
由于活塞式空压机二级冷却器冷却效果不佳，二级排气压力超过设计压力，造成安全阀起跳。
If the exhaust gases through the airway and transferred to another class, away from low vacuum level, and then compressed by the low vacuum level back to the atmosphere, that is composed of a two-stage pump.
如果排出的气体通过气道而转入另一级，由低真空级抽走，再经低真空级压缩后排至大气中，即组成了双级泵。
If the exhaust gas through the airway and transferred to another level, pumped by a low vacuum level, and then compressed by the low vacuum level back to the atmosphere, which formed a two-stage pump.
如果排出的气体通过气道而转入另一级，由低真空级抽走，再经低真空级压缩后排至大气中，即组成了双级泵。
One of the difficulties in purification of vehicle exhaust occurs at the stage of cold boot when the exhaust temperature is too low and the catalyst does not work efficiently, leading to a relatively high concentration of pollutants.
机动车尾气净化控制的一个难点在于冷启动阶段，此时由于温度较低，催化剂尚未完全起作用，导致排出的污染物浓度较高。