The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm.
细胞核还包含一个或两个器官，在核仁，即在细胞分裂时发挥作用，一个孔穿的囊装结构称核膜，它将核内物质与细胞质中的物质分开。
IPLB LD-652Y-5d cells infected with Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus were found that the infection cells were fused together and formed syncytial giant cells. This phenomenon is probably caused by the viral envelope fusion protein in the cell membrane of the infected cells.
以黑角舞蛾核多角体病毒(Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus； LyxyMNPV)感染吉普赛舞蛾细胞株(IPLB-LD652Y-5d)后，发生细胞融合形成一大的多核细胞，此细胞融合现象可能与病毒套膜融合蛋白有关。
The virus is composed of a single stranded RNA genome of negative polarity and is surrounded by a lipid envelope of host cell origin.
病毒由单股、负链RNA构成，并且外周存在宿主细胞起源的脂质包裹体。
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis, which endanger the health of pepole and livestock. Some principal cause of the prevalence can be explained, there are extremely serovars and strains of pathogenic Leptospira, numerous maintenance hosts, inactivated whole cell vaccine currently used produces incomplete、short-time immunity and limited crossing protection range, has local side-bide, so the vaccination rate of people are becoming lower and lower. Obviously, it is urgent necessary to develop a DNA vaccine which should be highly effective, lasting, widely protective. OmpL〓 envelope protein gene is a conserved sequence of pathogenic Leptospira, flaB〓 endoflagella protein gene is another conserved sequence of Leptospira, The ever research have indicated they are provided with highly immunity and are good candidates antigens for leptospiral vaccine, but the immunoprotection were not observed in animals immunized with protein of OmpL〓 alone. We constructed fusion expression vectors including OmpL〓/flaB〓 from leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 017 and leptospira interrogans serovar australis strain 607 in order to enhance the immunogenicity and immunoprotection, research on crossing immunoprotection between different serovars of Leptospira.
中文题名问号赖型及澳洲型钩端螺旋体内鞭毛蛋白基因与外膜蛋白基因嵌合DNA疫苗研究副题名外文题名 Study on chimeric gene DNA vaccine encoding outer membrane and endoflagellin protein antigen against Leptospira interrogans serovar lai and serovar australis 论文作者王敏导师戴保民教授学科专业病理学与病理生理学研究领域研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位四川大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数162页关键词钩端螺旋体病问号钩体 DNA疫苗馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R514 /2 钩端螺旋体病是一种广泛流行的人兽共患病，严重危害人类健康和农牧业生产，钩体病广泛流行的主要原因在于致病性钩体菌型众多、宿主广泛、而目前的钩体灭活疫苗诱导的免疫保护不完全，保护时间短，菌型间交叉免疫保护性较弱，且有局部不良反应，接种率日益降低，因此生产广谱、高效、持久的DNA疫苗成为迫切需要。
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特殊流水线：PET瓶风送线，PET瓶输送线，八宝粥输送骊，倍速链储装配线，冰箱检测线，不锈钢输送线，彩管绕带机，仓储输送线，槽型皮带机，成品输送线，尺寸与质量检测系统，大桶水提升设备，带挡板爬坡皮带机，带灯架装配线，刀口过渡转弯皮带机，地滚线，电池输送系统，电脑装配线，动力装配线，动力滚道线，风送线，高速分拣线，滚道线输送系统，滚筒线，后悬装配线，化工行业输送线，老化输送线，利乐包输送线，链板输送线，龙骨链输箱线，螺旋链板线，螺旋皮带机，摩托车输送线，摩托车装配线，爬坡皮带机，皮带输送线组，啤酒瓶输送系统，气动平衡吊，气动线间提升机，汽车输送线，轻型顶升移载装置，热塑膜包输送线，伸缩滚轮线，食品输送线，输送线，输箱爬坡线，水果输送清洗线，水平循环链式输送机，无动力滚道线，无动力伸缩滚道线，线间提升机，信盒分拣系统，悬挂输送机，烟草输送机，邮包输送分拣系统，邮包输送线，邮包组合输送线，直段板式机，重力式货架存取装置，重型动力滚道线，重型链式输送机，珠面链输包线，转弯板式机，装卸车输送机，装配流水线，装配线，自动仓库输送系统，上料机
A donor cell is fused to the egg by pulses of electricity, which break down the donor cell's outer membrane and allow the egg to envelope its new nucleus.
通过电流脉冲击破施主细胞的外层膜将其熔入卵内，使卵把这一新的细胞核裹住。
In order to explore the mechanism of increment in resistance, cell surface hydrophobicity, lipopolysaccharide composition, antibiotic resistance, and effect of electron transport chain inhibitor of strains with different level of resistance were examined. It was found that active efflux pump might be involved in toluene resistance, but changes in composition and hydrophobicity of cell envelope was more important.
为了探讨耐性增强的原因，针对不同耐性的菌株测定其细胞表面斥水性、脂多醣组成、抗生素耐性及电子传递链抑制剂的影响，结果发现排放帮浦与耐性有关，而细胞表面组成份及斥水性的改变更为重要。
These optimizations include: the use of alternate vectors, such as pseudotyped vectors (GALV envelope, VSV-G envelope, RD114 envelope, and so on), adeno-associated virus vector, lentivirus vectors and foamy virus vector; the use of early acting cytokines and/or their combinations inducing HSCs into cell cycles, such as stem cell factor, Flt-3 ligand and thrombopoietin; the use of stromal cells mimicking hematopoietic microenvironment and the use of recombinant fibronectin colocalizating retroviral particles and target cells.
在目前的研究中，主要采取以下策略：构建新的病毒载体系统(如：采用GALV、VSV-G、RD114等包膜蛋白构建的假性病毒载体，腺相关病毒载体，慢病毒载体，泡沫病毒载体)；应用细胞因子和／或其组合促进造血干细胞进入分裂周期；采用基质细胞支持培养的体系模拟骨髓造血微环境，促进造血干细胞在体外自我更新；采用纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin，FN)定位病毒与造血干细胞等。
Fig.10 Showing K562 cell line treated with CA for 24h:an apoptotic cell with condensed chromatin marginated in crescents around the nuclear envelope.
图10 示2μm/L CA作用24h，加药组中1个凋亡的K562细胞，可见其染色质靠核膜边集，呈新月形
During the early stage of apoptosis, nuclei shrinks, its chromatin becomes very dense, collaping into patches in tight apposition to the nuclear envelope. Microvilli of plasma membrane becomes small resulting in the smooth appearance of the cell suface. Cytoplasm becomes condensed.
舌苔厚度与舌脱落细胞凋亡指数的关系：用TUNEL方法标记凋亡细胞DNA断裂末端来检测凋亡指数，流式仪检测结果表明急性呼吸系感染疾病舌苔中度组细胞凋亡指数明显高于舌苔轻度组和重度组，存在显著差异，P.05。
Woodchucks. The HBV genome has four genes: pol, env, pre-core and X that respectively encode the viral DNA-polymerase, envelope protein, pre-core protein (which is processed to viral capsid) and protein X. The function of protein X is not clear but it may be involved in the activation of host cell genes and the development of cancer.
乙型肝炎病毒基因组有四个基因：波兰，环境，前核心和X ，分别编码病毒DNA聚合酶，包膜蛋白，前核心蛋白和蛋白质十大功能蛋白X是尚不清楚，但它可能参与激活宿主细胞的基因和癌的发展。
Cell accrementition, cell nucleus dissociation, plentiful cytoplasm, nuclear envelope and abundant cell organ of group A and C surpass group B and D obviously;
A、C组细胞增生活跃、核呈分裂相、胞质丰富、核膜光整、细胞器丰富，同比均优于B、D组；
Serum Alkaline phosphatase activity of group A and C outstrip group B, P < 0.01. (4) Cell accrementition, cell nucleus dissociation, plentiful cytoplasm, nuclear envelope and abundant cell organ of group A and C surpass group B obviously.
A、C组碱性磷酸酶活性明显优于B组，P<0.01。（4）A、C组细胞增生活跃、核呈分裂相、胞质丰富、核膜光整、细胞器丰富，同比均优于B组。
The amyloplast envelope began to degrade and released starch granules into cell matrix when amyloplast was full of starch granules.
当淀粉体被淀粉粒所充满，淀粉体被膜降解消失，释放淀粉粒到细胞基质中。
Relation between envelope and proliferation of amyloplast in endosperm cell of rice
水稻胚乳细胞淀粉质体被膜与其增殖的关系
The ultrastructural changes during the development of sieve element companion cell complex (SE/CC complex) in Populus deltoides were investigated using electronic microscopy. The result showed that SE and CC tome from the same secondary phloem mother cell. The development of sieve element went through three stages, i. e. immature, mature, and degenerate stage. In immature stages the sieve element presented radial expansion, cell wall thickening, and production of sieve plastid and P-protein. The cytoplasma selectivly autolysed in mature stage. At the same time, karyoplasm was dispersed, and nuclear envelope was not clear, or karyoplasm was disorgnized, and nuclear envelope was clear. The karyopalsm finally turned into P-protein. In degenerate stage, the cytoplasm completely disappeared, and the function was lost.
利用电镜技术研究美洲黑杨次生韧皮部筛管和伴胞发育过程中细胞超微结构的动态变化，观察到筛管和伴胞由同一个次生韧皮部衍生细胞分裂分化形成筛管约发育历经未成熟期、成熟期和衰退期的变化未成熟期筛管分子表现为细胞的径向扩展、壁的增厚、筛管质体和P-蛋白质的产生；成熟期筛管分子细胞组分发生选择性自溶，细胞核核质弥散状，核膜不清晰，或核膜清晰而核物质降解，最后细胞核完全解体转化为P-蛋白质类的物质；衰退期筛管分子细胞质完全解体消失，失去功能。
Results showed that in normal cells the deposits of calcium antimonate were mainly located in the cell wall, the vacuoles and the envelope of chloroplast.
结果表明，正常植株叶片细胞内钙主要分布于液泡、细胞壁和叶绿体的膜片层结构中；
The younger bacteroid was elliptic and had a similar nucleus region in cell. The normal bacteroid had an intact membrane envelope and PHB granules.
幼年美菌体为椭圆形，里面有个拟核区，正常类菌体有完整的周膜和PHB颗粒。
Containing many T cell epi-positions and neutralizing antibody epi-positions, the core protein region and envelope protein 2 of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural protein may induce protective immunity responsion in body.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）结构蛋白的核心蛋白（C）和包膜蛋白2（E2）含有多个T细胞表位和中和抗体表位，可诱导机体产生保护性免疫应答。
Typical image of apoptosis was observed in MCF 7 cell line treated with genistein in Giemsa stain: cell condensation, blebs formation on cell surface and pieces of condensed chromatin were scattered along nuclear envelope.
Giemsa染色显示，金雀黄素处理的MCF7细胞呈明显的凋亡形态改变，细胞固缩、发泡，染色质凝集呈块状，并沿核周分布。