Taking advantage of the general development trend in China and unity power of Dongguang, more than 10000 Taiwan businessmen in Dongguan strived to develop the economy and administer their businesses with annual investment reaching up to more than 3.1 billion dollars.
罗湖口岸，皇岗口岸，更见大箱小包的台商进出深圳、广州，城际大巴几乎24小时的在广深线奔来奔去，东莞，10000名以上的台商以年投资31亿美金以上的家当，顺着中国发展大势拼着经济，顺着东莞群聚之力，各营厂务，乡情亦乡亲，大伙从工厂做起，大伙彻夜研发，灯里雨里，不曾怠惰，麦克风中，大声的唱着，爱拼才会赢，他们相互奋斗砥励，商机走而相告，他们相互分享成功，时而曲终将散，相拥而泣
From the view of temporal distribution, the global warming trend had little effect on annual variation of agroclimatic potential productivity, which was mainly influenced by the annual fluctuation of pacific monsoon climate.
从时间分布上看，农业气候生产潜力的年际变化受全球气候变暖的趋势影响不大，主要是受太平洋季风的年际波动影响。
The impacts of soil and water conservation on river flow and soil-hydrology of Jia-lu-he, Tu-wei-he, Pian-guan-he and Qiu-shui-he catchments have been analyzed by the simulation and on-spot measuring methods according to data of during 1950's to 1990's. The selected catchments of the above four all are in the key area of soil and water conservation on the Loess Pleatu. The main results are as follows. The trend, reasons and critical year of annual river flow'change have been researched by rank correlation and maximum deviation division. The results showed that each river flow has a tendency to gradual decrease mainly by soil and water conservation in the above four catchments.
本文以黄土高原水土保持重点区的佳芦河、秃尾河、偏关河和湫水河等四条流域为代表，采用定量与定性、模型模拟与实测对比相结合的方法，系统分析了上世纪50～90年代时段内水土保持对河川径流及土壤水文的影响，取得主要结果如下：采用秩相关和极差分割等定量评价方法，分析了四条支流径流量变化趋势、变化原因及发生明显变化的临界年份。
A short period of 5 years, land prices in Japan rose 2 times, which rose the most severe in 1987, commercial space and residential land prices rose an annual rate of 76 percent or even more than the abnormal level. In February 1991, Japan`s real estate bubble burst, land prices started to decline, 1991, 1992 and 1993, Japan`s GDP real growth rate also showed year-on-year trend of sharp decline, respectively, 3.8%, 1.0% and 0.3%, in 1997 the level dropped to the early 1980s, from the bubble years of the decade or so, dozens of Japanese financial institutions closed down, thousands of enterprises in bankruptcy, the Japanese economy has been at a low ebb.
短短5年间日本地价上涨了2倍多，其中上涨最猛烈的1987年，商业用地和住宅用地价格的年上升率甚至超过了76%的异常水平。1991年2月，日本的房地产泡沫破灭，地价开始下降，1991、1992和1993年，日本国内生产总值的实际增长率也呈逐年锐减之势，分别为3.8%、1.0%和0.3%，1997年跌至1980年代初水平，从泡沫破灭到近些年的十余年间，日本有几十家金融机构倒闭，几千家企业破产，日本经济至今处于低迷状态。
The spatial-temporal distribution of NPP along NECT and its response to climatic change were also analyzed. Results showed that the change tendency of NPP spatial distribution in NECT is quite similar to that of precipitation and their spatial correlation coefficient is up to 0.84 (P.01). The inter-annual variation of NPP in NECT is mainly affected by the change of the aestival NPP every year, which accounts for 67.6% of the inter-annual increase in NPP and their spatial correlation coefficient is 0.95 (P.01). The NPP in NECT is mainly cumulated between May and September, which accounts for 89.8% of the annual NPP. The NPP in summer accounts for 65.9% of the annual NPP and is the lowest in winter. Recent climate changes have enhanced plant growth in NECT. The mean NPP increased 14.3% from 1980s to 1990s. The inter-annual linear trend of NPP is 4.6 gCm^(-2)a^(-1), and the relative trend is 1.17%, which owns mainly to the increasing temperature.
结果表明：(1)NECT样带植被NPP的空间变化趋势同降水量的空间变化十分相似，由东到西逐渐降低，二者在空间上的相关性达到了0.84 (P.01)，说明NECT样带的植被NPP在空间分布上主要受水分趋动：(2)NECT样带植被NPP的年际变化主要是由各年份夏季NPP的变化造成的，夏季对NECT样带植被NPP的年际增长贡献率最大(67.6%)，二者之间的相关性达到了0.95 (P.01)；(3)NECT样带的植被NPP积累期主要发生在5-9月份，这5个月的NPP占了全年NPP总量的89.8%，整个夏季（6-8月份）的NPP占了全年的65.9%，冬季（12-2月份）的NPP最低，基本为0；(4)近19年来的气候变化促进了NECT样带的植被生长，从1980年代到1990年代，NPP显著增加，年代际相对增长率为14.3%，平均年际绝对增长趋势为4.6 gCm^(-2)a^(-1)，相对增长趋势为1.17%，这主要是由温度升高引起的。
The spatial-temporal distribution of NPP along NECT and its response to climatic change were also analyzed. Results showed that the change tendency of NPP spatial distribution in NECT is quite similar to that of precipitation and their spatial correlation coefficient is up to 0.84 (P 0.01). The inter-annual variation of NPP in NECT is mainly affected by the change of the aestival NPP every year, which accounts for 67.6％ of the inter-annual increase in NPP and their spatial correlation coefficient is 0.95 (P 0.01). The NPP in NECT is mainly cumulated between May and September, which accounts for 89.8％ of the annual NPP. The NPP in summer accounts for 65.9％ of the annual NPP and is the lowest in winter. Recent climate changes have enhanced plant growth in NECT. The mean NPP increased 14.3％ from 1980s to 1990s. The inter-annual linear trend of NPP is 4.6 gC·m-2·a-1, and the relative trend is 1.17％, which owns mainly to the increasing temperature.
结果表明：(1)NECT样带植被NPP的空间变化趋势同降水量的空间变化十分相似，由东到西逐渐降低，二者在空间上的相关性达到了0.84(P《0.01)，说明NECT样带的植被NPP在空间分布上主要受水分趋动；(2)NECT样带植被NPP的年际变化主要是由各年份夏季NPP的变化造成的，夏季对NECT样带植被NPP的年际增长贡献率最大(67.6％)，二者之间的相关性达到了0.95(P《0.01)；(3)NECT样带的植被NPP积累期主要发生在5-9月份，这5个月的NPP占了全年NPP总量的89.8％，整个夏季(6-8月份)的NPP占了全年的65.9％，冬季(12-2月份)的NPP最低，基本为0；(4)近19年来的气候变化促进了NECT样带的植被生长，从1980年代到1990年代，NPP显著增加，年代际相对增长率为14.3％，平均年际绝对增长趋势为4.6 gCm-2(a-1，相对增长趋势为1.17％，这主要是由温度升高引起的。
The number of annual weeds presents increasing, descending and stabilizing trend in the utilized second year field.
利用二年苜蓿种子田杂草出草呈增长、下降、稳定的趋势，主要为一年生春性杂草。
The results show that the annual total rainfall of Taiwan does not have clear linear trend.
结果显示，以台湾全年平均雨量而言，75年来没有明显的线性变化趋势。
The long-term trend of annual runoff series of Geheyan Reservoir is analyzed with non-parametric methods, such as wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall test.
根据月降水、径流资料进行水循环要素分解，并应用 Mann-Kendall 方法分析了7个主要的水循环要素的变化趋势。
It was found that the price of Taiwan yellow cypress and red cypress were increased much more than that of the four American logs, namely southern pine, ash, gums and oaks. The prices of Taiwan's hemlock, machilus and tan oak were increased at the same rate as that of the American southern pine. The price of imported lunan was very stable during the period. Annual increase rate of price trend for southern pine in the U. S. was 1.4%, which was 7 times higher than that of the China fir in Taiwan.
发现四种美国木材价格（包括s.pine，ash，gums，及oaks）涨幅比台湾四种省产木材（即扁柏、红桧、铁杉、及柯椎）为小，但台湾进口柳安木材价格变动却非常稳定，美国southern pine木材价格上涨趋势率高达台湾杉木的7倍，可见台湾民间造林事业不如美国有利。
Result With young elm forest-pumpkin strip intercropping, since the branch tendril covered the gap between pumpkin planting-ditches and elm forest land, the soil moisture was remarkably increased. And the water use efficiency under intercropping increased by 23.7%-163.3% compared with the sole cropping. Elm-pumpkin strip intercropping changed the sequential succession trend of the grasses growing in the gap of the pumpkin planting-ditch, annual grasses became the dominant vegetation, and the feeding nutrient matter content and yield of the annual grasses increased significantly.
榆树幼林与南瓜间作后，瓜蔓覆盖地面，显著提高了南瓜行间和榆树林地的土壤水分含量，林－瓜间作地水分的利用效率较单作提高了23.7%~163.3%；间作改变了南瓜行间杂草群落自然演替的方向，一年生杂草成为优势物种，其饲用营养物质的含量和产量较林带间杂草显著提高。
Change trend of annual rainfall anomalies is similar in North China, and northern, southern and middle part of North China.
水文现象的不重复性、地区性和周期性均受到气候因素尤其是降水因素的影响［1～3］。
The 13 watersheds scattered in the Loess Plateau and reprsented different soil, vegetal and climatic types were chosen for study. The main results are:(1) soil conservation practices implemented in the Loess Plateau resulted in the decreased surface runoff and baseflow in all studied watersheds, the decreased range was changed from 12.2 to 49.4%; (2) A significant trend was also observed that shows annual runoff reduction increases with the age of the trees planted during the first of 20 years, then keeps constant during the rest period of 25 years. Reduction in monthly runoff occurred mainly from June to September, which was ascribed to greater rainfall and utilization by trees during this period.(3) afforestation and improved land productivity resulted in a decreased soil water content in plot and watershed scale due to increased evapotranspiration, and the dried soil layer kept in the soil profile was common ecohydrological feature in the Loess Plateau, with deep soil layer.(4) A hydrological model in watershed was developed base on GIS approach.(5)the cubic model for land use and vegetal recovery in watershed scale was put forward, based on the spacial variability of hydrological characteristics in watershed. Keywords: Loess Plateau; Comprehensive treatment; Watershed; Water cycle.
主要研究进展如下：（1）黄土高原水土保持综合治理均不同程度地减少流域出境地表径流和地下径流，13条流域的减流效果变化在12.2-49.4%；（2）黄土高原人工植被的减流作用随树龄而变化，前15-20年减流作用随树龄的增长而增加，其后减流作用基本保持不变；（3）人工植被面积扩大、作物产量提高在减少地表径流的同时，因蒸腾量增加，根层土壤储水量呈现下降的趋势，土壤干层已是厚层黄土区普遍存在的水文现象；（4）考虑流域水文性质的空间变异性，利用GIS划分空间网格，建立了流域尺度的水循环模型；（5）根据黄土高原沟壑区小流域水文性质的空间变化特点，提出了流域土地利用和植被建设的三层立体模式，即塬面农田、沟坡经济林、沟谷水保林，初步探讨了黄土高原小流域在有限水资源条件下林草植被的合理布局原则。
In the future of 2011~2099, there are a decrease trend in annual precipitation both in A2 and B2 scenario, but the extreme precipitation indices of spring and summer, including the maximum amount of daily precipitation, the 95th percentile of rainday amount and the maximum 5-day total precipitation, had an increasing trend, so that the opportunity of extreme events in this region would be strengthened and more attention should paid to flood season.
但是春夏季节极端降水指标，包括最大日降水量、第95百分位降水量和5日最大降水量未来有增多的趋势，表明该地区极端事件有所加强，对汛期防洪应格外重视，而秋冬季节极端降水指标均有下降趋势，加之年降水总量有减少趋势，会对该地区水资源有很大影响。
The annual and winterly average maximum temperature increased with obvious trend.
年平均最高气温和冬季平均最高气温增加显著。
According to the growth trend of annual load and periodicity of month load, medium-term load forecast combination model of unsteady time series is established by using the period mathematical model and Grey GM (l, 1) model.
基于年负荷的增长趋势和月负荷的周期性变化规律，首次用周期性负荷数学模型及用灰色GM（1，1）模型建立了非平稳时间序列中期负荷预测组合模型。
Annual rainfall over 1, 500 mm and the trend was something transmutation.
年降水量超过1500毫米，呈东西递变趋势。
The results showed that (1) the direction and velocity of wind and the water temperature in this region cannot exert obvious influence on sailing safety; (2) visibility is a fundamental factor influencing sailing safety in this region; (3) the weather inducing low visibility exhibits obvious characteristics of spatialtemporal distribution: low visibility is more probable to appear in winter than in summer, and compared with the section from Wanzhou to Wushan, low visibility is more possible to emerge in the section from Chongqing to Zhongxian; (4) except for Chongqing City and Zhongxian County, there is a decreasing trend of annual low visibility phenomenon in the Yangtze River waterway generally, with the lasting time of low visibility phenomenon less than two hours each time, most probable to appear in winter, then in autumn and spring, and least probable in summer; (5) in addition to the city environment, the weather condition contributes to the low visibility phenomenon in the waterway, and the main weather cause is that the basin is controlled by surface cold highpressure, which induces cloudy or rainy weather.
结果表明：①该航段的风向风速和水温对航行安全没有明显的影响；②能见度成为影响三峡河道航运极其重要的因素；③三峡库区航道低能见度天气存在比较明显的时空分布差异：冬季较夏季易出现影响航道安全的低能见度天气，重庆到忠县段出现低能见度的机率较大，而万州至巫山段较少出现低能见度现象；④长江航道低能见度在年际间除重庆和忠县外总体有减小的趋势，季节分布中在冬季出现最多，其次是秋季、春季，夏季最少；低能见度现象持续时间大部分在2小时以下；⑤造成长江航道低能见度出现的原因除城市环境外，主要的天气原因是由于盆地受地面冷高压控制，为阴天或阴雨天气，形成雾或雨雾。
The results showed that (1) the direction and velocity of wind and the water temperature in this region cannot exert obvious influence on sailing safety; (2) visibility is a fundamental factor influencing sailing safety in this region; (3) the weather inducing low visibility exhibits obvious characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution: low visibility is more probable to appear in winter than in summer, and corn pared with the section from Wanzhou to Wushan, low visibility is more possible to emerge in the section from Chongqing to Zhongxian; (4) except for Chongqing City and Zhongxian County, there is a decreasing trend of annual low visibility phenomenon in the Yangtze River waterway generally, with the lasting time of low visibility phenomenon less than two hours each time, most probable to appear in winter, then in au tumn and spring, and least probable in summer; (5) in addition to the city environment, the weather condition contributes to the low visibility phenomenon in the waterway, and the main weather cause is that the basin is controlled by surface cold high-pressure, which induces cloudy or rainy weather.
结果表明：①该航段的风向风速和水温对航行安全没有明显的影响；②能见度成为影响三峡河道航运极其重要的因素；③三峡库区航道低能见度天气存在比较明显的时空分布差异：冬季较夏季易出现影响航道安全的低能见度天气，重庆到忠县段出现低能见度的机率较大，而万州至巫山段较少出现低能见度现象；④长江航道低能见度在年际间除重庆和忠县外总体有减小的趋势，季节分布中在冬季出现最多，其次是秋季、春季，夏季最少；低能见度现象持续时间大部分在2小时以下；⑤造成长江航道低能见度出现的原因除城市环境外，主要的天气原因是由于盆地受地面冷高压控制，为阴天或阴雨天气，形成雾或雨雾。
Based on monthly average air temperature data in Jinzhou from 1954 to 2005, the seasonal and annual average air temperature changes were analyzed by linear trend method and moving average method.
根据1954—2005年锦州累年逐月平均气温资料，采用一元线性趋势估计和滑动平均方法分析了近半个世纪锦州季和年平均气温变化趋势；采用滑动t检验法分析了气温突变。