The missile was launched from submarine above the water line. The R-11FM missile opened up a new trend of development in combat missiles- sea-based missiles - and was put into operation by the USSR Navy.
导弹是从浮航状态的潜艇上发射的。R-11FM导弹开创了作战导弹发展的新趋势——海基导弹——并且已经开始在苏联海军中服役。
Electrolytic hardening process was developed in USSR in 1950s. The process was developed but was not commercially exploited.
电解硬化是前苏联在上世纪50年代开发的，然而当时并没有用于商业性生产。
Peace Treaties of Brest- Litovsk and The Non- Aggression Pact between the German Reich and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics were important treaties in USSR's diplomatic history, and both were signed under special international surroundings and historical conditions, but their essence were different.
《布列斯特和约》和《苏德互不侵犯条约》在苏联外交史上始终引人注目。这两个条约都是在特殊的国际环境和特定的历史条件下签订的，它们对苏联的历史产生了深远的影响。
I shall not dwell upon the fact that, in all modern societies outside the USSR, many people escape even this minimum amount of work, namely all those who inherit money and all those who marry money.
我不必细说，在苏联以外的所有现代国家中，许多人甚至逃避这点起码的工作，这就是那些因继承或婚姻而得到钱财的人。
Over the war years, the USSR produced and received 4, 396, 000 tons of aviation gasoline, Lend-Lease supplies included.
在战争期间，苏联制造和被援助的航空汽油共4，396，000长吨，这包括了租借法案提供的部分。
According to the statistics provided by the USSR Planning Committee's First Department, imports and Lend-Lease supplies accounted for no less than 18.1% of aviation gasoline consumption in the annual national product in 1941-1945. There is every reason to believe that the actual figure was at least double the one quoted above.
根据苏联计划委员会的统计数字，在1941-1945年间，进口和租借法案所提供的航空汽油所占比重不少于18.1%，而比较可信的推测是：实际的数字可能最少是计划委员会统计的两倍。
China and the Soviet Union are both multiracial socialistic countries. There are a good number of minorities keeping their belief in Moslemism in the territory, and the areas of those minorities in both countries are adjoining. The policies and measures that USSR adopted in the conformity of Moslemic minorities in the Central Asia will undoubtedly be useful references and lessons for the way China copes with its own issues on the northwest minorities.
中国和前苏联都是多民族的社会主义国家，境内都有信奉伊斯兰教的少数民族，且两国信奉伊斯兰教的少数民族在地域上山水相连，苏联对中亚信奉伊斯兰教的民族的整合的政策和措施对我国西北少数民族问题的处理无疑会有可借鉴的经验和可吸取的教训。
The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early-1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe.
20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。
Within the Central European part of Russia's ethnic turn of the century the rise of the core area of.15 in Moscow as the center to form a centralized state in Moscow Duchy.1547 expansionist years later, vast tracts of land in neighboring countries Gezhan.1917117 On the establishment of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in December 1922 with Ukraine, Belarus, South Caucasus Federation composed of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). 1924 -1940, Lithuania and other accession, a total of 15 former republics.
境内欧洲部分中部是俄罗斯民族兴起的核心地区。15世纪末形成以莫斯科为中心的中央集权国家莫斯科公国。1547年后推行扩张主义，割占了邻国大片土地。1917年11月7日成立俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国，1922年12月同乌克兰、白俄罗斯、南高加索联邦等组成苏联（苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟）。1924年—1940年，立陶宛等加入，共15个加盟共和国。
The development of vertical shaft tunnel in former USSR is introduced in the paper.
本文对原苏联等国家的竖井式泄水道发展过程作了简要介绍，并进行了评述。
The source of it is the state intervention theory and the adjudication principle from the Former USSR in civil procedure.
这些误识源于原苏联的民事诉讼国家干预理论和传统的审判理念。
The elimination of the kulak had long-term effect on the political life of the USSR society.
消灭富农阶级对苏联社会的政治生活产生了深远的影响。
The USSR was given Karelian Isthmus with cities of Vyborg and Sortavala located on it.
苏联是给予维堡市和索尔塔瓦拉它位于卡累利阿地峡。
In highway and railway system, former USSR and China obtain as much experienced in bring snow disaster under control. The paper integrate Chian - Kyrgizstan - Uzbekistan railway line roadway situation option, introduce baffle, Snow Corridor etc.
国内在天山公路、川藏公路、滇藏公路、中尼公路等多雪高寒山区的道路交通中，逐步采取了导风板、防雪崩走廊、导雪堤、防雪栅栏等工程防治措施，积累了一些雪害的治理经验。
However, this balance is again broken after the end of Cold War, after the Collapse of Warsaw Pact and USSR.
然而，在华沙公约和苏联的崩溃之后，冷战的结束之后这状态再一次地失衡。
Through it, we can make out the cause of the disintegration of the USSR well.
这样我们才能够做到更全面地认识苏联解体的原因。
Coal and grains from Eastern Europe are important to Western Europe, but these products will be exported westward in any event because the necessity of obtaining vital foreign exchange for necessary products from the west creates a suction which the USSR is incapable of counteracting, and there can only be absolute and final domination of Eastern Europe by force of arms.
东欧的煤矿与谷物对于西欧十分重要，但这些产品终究将会通过各种形式向西方出口。因为东欧极端希求与西欧进行货物交换，来获得来自西欧的必需品，这种希求产生了一种强大的吸引力，而这种吸引力是苏联所无法阻挡的。
Looking back on this historical tragedy, we can find that it resulted from the Stalinist system, the anti-Jewish tradition in the USSR, and Stalin's abnormal mentality.
纵观这一历史悲剧，我们可以发现，这是由斯大林体制、苏联的反犹主义传统和斯大林的病态心理造成的恶果。
The North Atlantic Confederation including USA, Canada, whole Europe, and the western part of USSR, on one side and The Great Asian Alliance, including Mideast, Siberia, China, India, and other Asian countries.
北大西洋同盟包括美国、加拿大、整个欧洲和苏联西部地区，另一面是强大的亚洲联盟，包括中东、西伯利亚、中国、印度和其他亚洲国家。
This event had changed the history and resulted in two alliances'stand at the end of 20-th century The North Atlantic Confederation including USA, Canada, whole Europe, and the western part of USSR, on one side and The Great Asian Alliance, including Mideast, Siberia, China, India, and other Asian countries.
这一事件改变了历史，并导致两个联盟的立场年底的20世纪-北大西洋联盟，包括美国，加拿大，整个欧洲和西方的一部分，苏联一方和大亚洲联盟，包括中东，西伯利亚，中国，印度和其他亚洲国家。