Aimed at PPP projects` risk distribution problem, cooperative game theory is introduced. Some of the PPP project risks can be taken alone, the others need two or more partners` cooperative effort. For the latter, shapley value method is used to determine the income of interested parties from shared risk. The income is normalized to obtain weights of interested parties. Then the risk value which each partner should undertake is determined. And an example is given to illustrate this method.
针对PPP项目风险分担问题,引入合作博弈理论,运用Shapley值法对PPP项目需要多个参与方共同承担的风险确定参与各方共担风险收益,由各方收益归一化处理获得风险承担各方权重,进而确定参与各方分别应承担的风险量,并通过一个应用算例进行了说明。
In chapter 5, the thermodynamics of three kinds of PPP-based carbons, namely 650℃、700℃、900℃ PPP-based carbons, are examined with columbic titration method and the partial molar enthalpy and partial entropy as a function of intercalated lithium concentration are calculated.
以650℃PPP碳材料为例,对库仑滴定曲线进行了理论分析,指出当01时嵌入电极的电极电位和锂的嵌入比浓度之间符合Nernst方程。
In the third part, analyzing the need and feasibility of operating PPP model.
第二部分,简要地介绍了PPP模式的相关理论。
The differences between PPP and real exchange rates can be significant.
在PPP和真实的外汇汇率之间的差异可能是显著的。
More and more world nations use PPP pattern in public infrastructure domain, accumulated a lot of successful experience.
世界越来越多的国家在公共基础设施领域采用PPP模式,积累了许多成功的经验。
In this paper, we go into the relationship between PD and PPP of home-starters for residence purpose.
其主要是在研究方法上存在着缺陷,特别是对于潜在购买力与房价的关系分析上存在着一定的误区。
In this paper, the nature of the PPP model and the characteristics of the focus of analysis, and introduced the use of PPP model of China's current situation and problems.
本文对PPP模式的本质及特点进行了重点分析,并介绍了我国运用PPP模式的现状及存在的问题。
You should sign up now and place the PPP audio ad code on your site right away.
您应该立即注册和地点购买力平价音频广告代码,您的网站。
She said there are many difficultiesahead and the PPP is the best party for addressing the country's problems.
她说,前面还有很多困难,巴基斯坦人民党是解决国家问题的最佳政党。
Maynor`s best quality appears to be his short range game, he got to the rim 8 times per game and posted a PPP of 1.12 as a finisher.
Maynor 最好的地方是其近距离进攻。他场均杀向篮筐次数高达8次,每回合能得1.12分。
In the last, it introduces one PPP light rail project and tells us what we may encounter when we tender for one PPP project and how we can manager it.
最后,以 B 轻轨铁路项目为例,提出了在国际工程承包中追踪PPP 项目可能遇到的主要问题和相应的应对措施。
Test result indicated that light PPP can be realized successfully in ARM development board.
通过测试,验证了 ARM开发板的 PPP协议的网络通信功能。
However, it is understood that the client participates via PPP
但是,用户客户端通过同隧道服务器的
However, the IMF believes that PPP weights are more appropriate, because a dollar buys a lot more in poor countries than in America, thanks to lower prices.
但是IMF相信购买力评价标准是比较合适的。因为由于较低的物价,一美元在贫穷的国家可以比在美国买到更多的东西。
And the Supreme Court, sensibly, rejected the idea that the PPP itself should be banned.
最高法院也理智地驳回了禁止人民力量党参选的要求。
Ms Ong finds that currency deviations from PPP are indeed related to productivity differences relative to America.
Ms Ong发现,货币与PPP之间的偏差实际上与相对美国的生产力差异相关。
This implies that the euro`s PPP is exactly $1, so at its current rate of $1.10 the euro is 10% overvalued.
这表明欧元的购买力评价恰好是1美元,所以以当前$1.10的汇率计算,欧元被高估了10%。
The biggest weakness of PPP is that the equilibrium is only a very long-run one, as it completely ignores capital flows.
PPP的最大弱点在于,其平衡只存在于非常久远的长期,而且它完全忽略了资本流动。
Starting from 4-phenoxyphenol 1, 2- epoxypropane and 2-chloropyridine and based on the traditional three steps synthesis strategy, the Pyriproxyfen was synthesized by an improved way.
以苯酚、对氯苯酚、环氧丙烷和2-氯吡啶为原料,在传统合成蚊蝇醚三步反应的基础上,对第三步反应――PPP与2-氯吡啶缩合进行改进,即采用无溶剂熔融法合成反应工艺,确定了合成蚊蝇醚的最佳工艺条件。
PPP model is an optimum way derived from financing for building the infrastructure facilities.
PPP模式是公共基础设施建设中发展起来的一种优化的项目融资与实施模式。
The size of the Chinese economy in PPP does not matter as much as people's real buying power.
There was no immediate word from the PPP on whom they would now back for prime minister when the chamber finally votes on Wednesday.
The PPP prefers to restore the judges through a constitutional package, which will reportedly put some limits on the tenure of Chief Justice.
Market exchange rates tend to be much more volatile than PPP exchange rates.
Their PPP won a February general election but without enough seats to rule alone.
The PPP won Sunday's election in Thailand on a campaign pledge to bring him back.
The EIU used a benchmark index system to rank the readiness and capacity of a country to carry out sustainable and long term PPP projects.
The big question is whether the army and the royalist establishment will stand by and watch PPP make a comeback by proxy.
The PPP method is still somewhat controversial among economists compared with the traditional market exchange rate methods.
China's economic size is relatively larger if calculated by PPP instead of nominal exchange rates, said the report.